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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 63

Jīva–Ātman Inquiry; Kṣetrajña Doctrine; Karma-based Varṇa; Four Āśramas and Sannyāsa Discipline

भरद्वाज उवाच । ब्राह्मणः केन भवति क्षत्रियो वा द्विजोत्तम । वैश्यः शूद्रश्च विप्रर्षे तद्ब्रूहि वदतां वर ॥ ६३ ॥

bharadvāja uvāca | brāhmaṇaḥ kena bhavati kṣatriyo vā dvijottama | vaiśyaḥ śūdraśca viprarṣe tadbrūhi vadatāṃ vara || 63 ||

بھردواج نے کہا—اے دِوِجوں میں افضل! کس سے انسان برہمن یا کشتری ہوتا ہے؟ اور اے وِپررشی، کس سے ویش یا شودر ہوتا ہے؟ اے بہترین خطیب، وہ مجھے بتائیے۔

bharadvājaḥBharadvāja
bharadvājaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootbharadvāja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (लिट्/Perfect), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
brāhmaṇaḥa Brahmin
brāhmaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kenaby what (means)
kena:
Karana (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन) — interrogative pronoun
bhavatibecomes/is
bhavati:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormLat-lakāra (लट्/Present), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kṣatriyaḥa Kṣatriya
kṣatriyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), disjunctive particle (विकल्प)
dvija-uttamaO best of the twice-born
dvija-uttama:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः (uttamaḥ dvijaḥ)
vaiśyaḥa Vaiśya
vaiśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चय)
vipra-ṛṣeO sage, O learned one
vipra-ṛṣe:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः (vipraḥ ṛṣiḥ)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
brūhitell (me)
brūhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (लोट्/Imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
vadatāmof speakers
vadatām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (धातु)
FormŚatṛ-pratyaya (शतृ/Present active participle) used substantively; Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन) — ‘of those who speak’
varaO best/excellent one
vara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootvara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

Bharadvaja

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

B
Bharadvaja

FAQs

It frames a dharmic inquiry: the basis of varna is being questioned, preparing the text to emphasize inner qualities, conduct, and discipline as spiritually meaningful markers rather than mere labels.

Indirectly, it sets the ground for teaching that spiritual worth is tied to character and practice—an idea consistent with Bhakti traditions where devotion and righteous conduct elevate the seeker beyond social categorization.

The verse signals a dharma-śāstra style classification question (social-ethical order). While no single Vedāṅga is named, it aligns with applied Vedic discipline—right conduct, duties, and social ethics—often taught alongside Smṛti-based interpretation.