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Shloka 13

Adhyaya 84The Gods’ Hymn after the Slaying of Mahishasura and the Goddess’ Boon

दृष्ट्वा तु देवि कुपितं भ्रुकुटीकरालमुद्यच्छशाङ्कसदृशच्छवि यन्न सद्यः । प्राणान्मुमोच महिषस्तदतीव चित्रं कैर्जीव्यते हि कुपितान्तकदर्शनेन ॥

dṛṣṭvā tu devi kupitaṃ bhrukuṭīkarālam udyacchaśāṅkasadṛśacchavi yanna sadyaḥ / prāṇānmumoca mahīṣastadatīva citraṃ kairjīvyate hi kupitāntakadarśanena

تمہارے غضبناک چہرے کو—جو بھنویں چڑھنے سے ہیبت ناک ہے مگر طلوع ہوتے چاند کے رنگ کا بھی ہے—دیکھ کر یہ نہایت عجیب ہے کہ مہیشاسُر نے اسی لمحے جان نہ دے دی۔ کیونکہ غضبناک سنہارک، موت کے مانند، کو دیکھ کر کون زندہ رہ سکتا ہے؟

dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛṣṭvā (कृदन्त; √dṛś दृश्)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), अव्ययभाव; ‘having seen’
tubut, indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; विरोध/अन्वयार्थक (but/indeed)
deviO Goddess
devi:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, संबोधन, एकवचन
kupitamangered
kupitam:
Karma (कर्म/Object—seen)
TypeAdjective
Rootkupita (कृदन्त; √kup कुप्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त (PPP)
bhrukuṭīof the frown (knitted brows)
bhrukuṭī:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrukuṭī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘भ्रुकुट्याः’
karālamterrible
karālam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkarāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
udyatrising
udyat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootudyat (कृदन्त; √yam यम् with ud-)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; शतृ (present participle) = rising
śaśāṅkaof the moon
śaśāṅka:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootśaśāṅka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘चन्द्रस्य’
sadṛśalike, resembling
sadṛśa:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsadṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘सदृशम्’
chaviradiance, hue
chavi:
Karma (कर्म/Object—seen)
TypeNoun
Rootchavi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘छविम्’ = complexion/splendor
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म/Object—‘which’)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation)
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तत्क्षणार्थक (immediately)
prāṇānlife-breaths, life
prāṇān:
Apādāna? (अपादान/Separation—idiomatically ‘give up’)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
mumocareleased, gave up
mumoca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootmuc (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; √muc मोचने
mahīṣaḥthe buffalo (demon)
mahīṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmahīṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
tatthat
tat:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘तत्’ = that (event)
atīvaexceedingly
atīva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण/Intensifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatīva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अतिशयार्थक (exceedingly)
citramwonderful, strange
citram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kaiḥby whom? by what people?
kaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent—interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; प्रश्नवाचक ‘केन/कैः’
jīvyateis lived/survived
jīvyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjīv (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
hiindeed, for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थक (indeed/for)
kupitaof the enraged
kupita:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootkupita (कृदन्त; √kup कुप्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘कुपितस्य’
antakaDeath (Yama)
antaka:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootantaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘मृत्योः/यमस्य’
darśanenaby the sight
darśanena:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument—by seeing)
TypeNoun
Rootdarśana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
Rishi Medhas (narrating to King Suratha and Samadhi)
DeviMahishasura
ChandikaDurga (Warrior aspect)
ShaktismDivine WrathParadox of Beauty and TerrorAvatara

FAQs

The verse presents a mystical paradox: Her face is 'kupitam' (angry) and 'bhrukutikaralam' (terrible with frowns), yet simultaneously 'udyacchashankasadrishacchavi' (glowing like the rising moon). This signifies that the Devi transcends dualities; even in her destructive mode (Tamasi), she retains the cooling, enlightening nature of the moon (Sattva/Soma), representing liberation even for the demons she slays.

This verse belongs to the Manvantara characteristic of the Purana. The Devi Mahatmyam is inserted within the Markandeya Purana to explain the origin and authority of the Savarni Manu (the 8th Manu).

The rhetorical question 'Who can live after seeing the enraged Death?' underscores Mahishasura's immense power and vitality. It implies that ordinary beings would die from sheer terror merely by looking at her, but the Demon King's survival (albeit temporary) highlights the magnitude of the conflict.