Shloka 2

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

देवा ऊचुः नमस्ते ऋक्स्वरूपाय सामरूपाय ते नमः । यजुः स्वरूपरूपाय साम्नान्धामवते नमः ॥

Transliteration

devā ūcuḥ namaste ṛksvarūpāya sāmarūpāya te namaḥ / yajuḥ svarūparūpāya sāmnāndhāmavate namaḥ

Translation

دیوتاؤں نے کہا—اے رِگ وید کی صورت! تجھے نمسکار؛ اے سام وید کی صورت! تجھے نمسکار۔ اے یجُر وید کی صورت! تجھے نمسکار؛ اے سامن گیتوں کے درخشاں دھام کی صورت! تجھے نمسکار۔

Word by Word

• devāḥ: the gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• ūcuḥ: said
• ūcuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• namaḥ: salutation
• namaḥ: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/Salutation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः (used as indeclinable-like salutation)

• te: to you
• te: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th) / चतुर्थी-एकवचनस्य रूपम् (also form of Dative sg); अत्र सम्बोधनार्थं ‘to you/your’ (contextual dative)

• ṛk-svarūpāya: to (you who are) the form of the Ṛk (Ṛgveda)
• ṛk-svarūpāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛk (प्रातिपदिक) + svarūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Tatpurusha; ‘ṛk’ as qualifier), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative, 4th), एकवचन (Singular)

• sāma-rūpāya: to (you who are) the form of Sāman (Sāmaveda)
• sāma-rūpāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāman (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास, पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• te: to you
• te: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative, 4th), एकवचन (Singular)

• namaḥ: salutation
• namaḥ: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/Salutation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन; नमस्कारार्थे

• yajuḥ: Yajus (Yajurveda)
• yajuḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yajus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc., 1st/2nd), एकवचन; समासपूर्वपदत्वेन (as first member of compound)

• svarūpa-rūpāya: to (you who are) the very form of true nature
• svarūpa-rūpāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (appositional: ‘form that is (true) form’), पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• sāmnām: of the Sāmans (Sāmaveda chants)
• sāmnām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• dhāmavate: to the possessor of splendor/abode
• dhāmavate: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhāman (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित-प्रत्यय)
• Form: तद्धितान्त (possessive -वत्), पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• namaḥ: salutation
• namaḥ: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/Salutation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नमस्कारार्थे

Speakers

• Devas (collective) offering stuti

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• A supreme divine principle praised as Veda-embodied and later as Sūrya

Shakti Aspects

• Not explicit; the praised principle is identified through Vedic forms and later solar epithets

Key Themes

• Vedic revelation (Veda-svarūpa)
• Stuti (praise)
• Sacred sound
• Unity of Vedic forms

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse asserts that the ultimate divinity is not separate from revelation: sacred knowledge (Veda) and the divine are mutually expressive. Ethically, it elevates study, recitation, and reverence for the Veda as reverence for the divine itself.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily connected to Dharma (via Vedic authority) and indirectly to Sarga/Pratisarga insofar as Veda is treated as an eternal ordering principle that sustains the cosmos; the immediate function is stuti rather than genealogy or manvantara listing.

What is the esoteric significance?

Identifying the deity as Ṛk/Sāma/Yajus indicates the divinity as mantra-śakti: consciousness expressed as vibration (śabda). The ‘radiant abode of Sāman’ hints at inner luminous awareness accessed through chant and regulated breath/voice.