Shloka 10

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

ततोऽतिपूरेण नृपः स नद्याः प्रेरितस्तटम् ।

प्रार्थयन्नापि नावाप ह्रियमाणो महीपतिः ॥

Transliteration

tato ’tipūreṇa nṛpaḥ sa nadyāḥ preritastaṭam | prārthayannāpi nāvāpa hriyamāṇo mahīpatiḥ ||

Translation

پھر دریا کے عظیم سیلابی بہاؤ کے زور سے بہایا گیا بادشاہ کنارے کی طرف دھکیلا گیا۔ بہت فریاد کے باوجود اسے کوئی کشتی نہ ملی، اور زمین کا مالک بہاؤ میں بہتا چلا گیا۔

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/from there
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb); अर्थे—‘ततः/then, from there’

• ati-pūreṇa: by an excessive flood
• ati-pūreṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ati (अव्यय) + pūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन; ‘अतिपूरेण’ = by excessive flood

• nṛpaḥ: the king
• nṛpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• nadyāḥ: of the river
• nadyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• preritaḥ: driven/impelled
• preritaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√i (धातु) + ita (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘प्रेरितः’ = having been driven/impelled

• taṭam: the bank (shore)
• taṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• prārthayan: begging
• prārthayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√arth (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘प्रार्थयन्’ = requesting/begging

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-अव्यय (particle: even/also)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• avāpa: obtained/reached
• avāpa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√āp (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (aorist), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• hriyamāṇaḥ: being carried away
• hriyamāṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hṛ (धातु) + यमान (कृत्)
• Form: कृदन्त (शानच्/वर्तमान कर्मणि/आत्मनेपद-भाव); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘ह्रियमाणः’ = being carried away

• mahīpatiḥ: lord of the earth (king)
• mahīpatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahī-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मह्याः पतिः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator voice within Mārkaṇḍeya’s narration (context continues into v.19 where Mārkaṇḍeya is explicitly named as speaker)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Peril and helplessness
• Nature’s overwhelming force
• Narrative transition to an encounter

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Royal power and worldly status do not protect one from the force of prakṛti; crisis exposes dependence and the need for discernment and restraint.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not a direct Pancalakṣaṇa unit (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita); it belongs to vaṃśānucarita-style narrative/episode (historico-ethical storytelling).

What is the esoteric significance?

The flood can symbolize the overpowering surge of saṃsāra and emotion; the ‘no boat’ motif points to the absence of a stabilizing upāya (discipline/knowledge) at the moment of upheaval.