Shloka 42

Adhyaya 72 — The Reconciliation Rite, Sarasvati Sacrifice, and the Birth of Uttama Manu (Auttama Manvantara Prelude)

Sanskrit

तस्य मन्वन्तरं ब्रह्मन् ! वदतो मे निशामय ।

श्रूयतां तत्र यश्चेन्द्रो ये च देवास्तथर्षयः ॥

Transliteration

tasya manvantaraṃ brahman! vadato me niśāmaya / śrūyatāṃ tatra yaś cendro ye ca devās tatharṣayaḥ

Translation

اے برہمن، میں اس کے منونتر کا بیان کرتا ہوں، سنو۔ وہاں کون اندَر تھا، اور کون سے دیوتا اور رِشی موجود تھے—یہ بھی سن لیا جائے۔

Word by Word

• tasya: of him/of that
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• manu-antaram: Manvantara (period of a Manu)
• manu-antaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक) + antara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (manor antaram → manvantaram); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• brahman: O Brahmin (sage)
• brahman: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

• vadataḥ: of (me) speaking
• vadataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vad (धातु) → vadat (शतृ-कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन); 'of me who am speaking'

• me: of me
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (षष्ठी/6) or Dative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular (एकवचन); here genitive with 'vadataḥ'

• niśāmaya: listen/attend
• niśāmaya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-śam (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• śrūyatām: let it be heard
• śrūyatām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); impersonal passive sense 'let it be heard'

• tatra: there/in that (manvantara)
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, adverb (देशवाचक)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, conjunction (समुच्चय)

• indraḥ: Indra (lord of gods)
• indraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ye: who (plural)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, conjunction (समुच्चय)

• devāḥ: gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tathā: and likewise
• tathā: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, adverb/conjunction (समुच्चय/प्रकार)

• ṛṣayaḥ: sages
• ṛṣayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya addressing a Brahmin interlocutor (Bhāguri in immediate context)

Primary Deities

• Indra

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Divine administration
• Sage lineages

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Cosmic order is presented as structured governance: each age has its administrators (Indra, devas) and custodians of knowledge (ṛṣis). Dharma is maintained by coordinated roles.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: this is the formal pivot into listing the characteristic personnel of a specific manvantara (Indra, gods, sages).

What is the esoteric significance?

Indra and the deva/ṛṣi lists can be read as archetypes of faculties: sovereignty (Indra), luminous powers (devas), and insight (ṛṣis) that must be established for a ‘cycle’ of life to be harmonious.