Shloka 16

Adhyaya 56 — The Descent and Fourfold Course of the Ganga; Jambudvipa’s Varshas and Their Conditions

Sanskrit

सुपार्श्वन्तु तथैवाद्रिं मेरुपादं हि सा गता ।

(भद्रसोमेति) तत्र सोमेतिविख्याता सा ययौ सवितुर्वनम् ॥

Transliteration

supārśvantu tathaivādriṃ merupādaṃ hi sā gatā | (bhadrasometi) tatra someti vikhyātā sā yayau savitur vanam ||

Translation

اسی طرح وہ مِیرو کے دامن میں واقع سُپارشو پہاڑ تک گئی۔ وہاں وہ ‘سوما’ (قرأت کے مطابق ‘بھدرسوما’) کے نام سے جانی گئی، اور پھر ساوِتر کے جنگل کی طرف روانہ ہوئی۔

Word by Word

• supārśvam: Supārśva (mountain)
• supārśvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: supārśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; (पर्वतनाम)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (adversative/contrast particle)

• tathā: thus
• tathā: Prakaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle of emphasis)

• adrim: mountain
• adrim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• meru-pādam: Meru’s foot (base of Meru)
• meru-pādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: meru (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘मेरोः पादः’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• gatā: went
• gatā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि, क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• soma: Soma
• soma: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: soma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (नाम)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/इति-निपात (quotative particle)

• vikhyātā: was renowned/called
• vikhyātā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√khyā (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि, क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• yayau: went
• yayau: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• savituḥ-vanam: the forest of Savitṛ (the Sun)
• savituḥ-vanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: savitar (प्रातिपदिक) + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘सवितुः वनम्’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• bhadra-soma: Bhadrasoma (name, variant reading)
• bhadra-soma: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhadra (प्रातिपदिक) + soma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: कर्मधारय; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (पाठान्तर/नाम)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/इति-निपात (quotative particle)

Speakers

• Purāṇic narrator; geographic listing with variant reading noted in parentheses

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Gaṅgā
• Savitṛ (Sun)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Meru cosmography
• Sacred toponyms
• Textual variants

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Naming the river differently by region underscores the Purāṇic idea that one sacred reality is encountered through many local forms and names, without losing its essential sanctity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Again, bhū-varṇana: a mapping of Meru-centric geography and sacred hydrography.

What is the esoteric significance?

Association with Savitṛ (solar sphere) can suggest a linkage of waters and light—purification as both ‘cooling’ (water) and ‘illumining’ (sun), a complementary symbolism in Purāṇic imagination.