Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 50

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

दन्ताकृष्टेरभूत् कन्या विजल्पा कलहा तथा । अवज्ञानृतदुष्टोक्तिर्विजल्पा तत्प्रशान्तये ॥

Transliteration

dantākṛṣṭer abhūt kanyā vijalpā kalahā tathā | avajñānṛtaduṣṭoktīr vijalpā tatpraśāntaye ||

Translation

دنتاکرشٹی نامی دوش سے ‘ویجَلپا’ اور ‘کَلہا’ نام کی کنیاؤں کا ظہور ہوا۔ تحقیر، جھوٹ اور بدکار گفتار ویجلپا کی علامتیں ہیں؛ اس کی تسکین کا طریقہ بتایا جاتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• dantākṛṣṭeḥ: from/ of ‘tooth-pulling’
• dantākṛṣṭeḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: danta (प्रातिपदिक) + ākṛṣṭi (आकृष् धातु से क्तिन्/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: dantaiḥ ākṛṣṭiḥ (pulling by the teeth)

• abhūt: arose/was born
• abhūt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Luṅ lakāra (लुङ्/Aorist), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• kanyā: a maiden
• kanyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• vijalpā: Vijalpā (name)
• vijalpā: Viśeṣya-nāma (नाम/Predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijalpā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; nāmadheya (name)

• kalahā: Kalahā (name)
• kalahā: Viśeṣya-nāma (नाम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kalahā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; nāmadheya (name)

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction/adverb (तथा)

• avajñā-anṛta-duṣṭa-uktiḥ: contempt, falsehood, and wicked speech (personified)
• avajñā-anṛta-duṣṭa-uktiḥ: Karta/Viśeṣya-nāma (कर्ता/नाम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avajñā (प्रातिपदिक) + anṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + duṣṭa (दुष् धातु से क्त/प्रातिपदिक) + ukti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; samāhāra-dvandva (collective): avajñā ca anṛtaṃ ca duṣṭā uktiś ca (contempt, falsehood, and wicked speech)

• vijalpā: Vijalpā
• vijalpā: Viśeṣya-nāma (नाम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijalpā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; appositional name

• tat-praśāntaye: for its pacification
• tat-praśāntaye: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्-प्रातिपदिक) + praśānti (प्रशान्ति-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Caturthī vibhakti (4th/चतुर्थी), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: tasya praśāntaye (for the pacification of that)

Speakers

• Instructional voice continuing the list of derivative doṣas

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Speech ethics
• Household conflict
• Śānti

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links social harm to verbal misconduct: contempt, lying, and cruel speech produce disorder; dharma requires restraint of vāk (speech) as a primary social virtue.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Normative-ethical instruction (ācāra) and doṣa-taxonomy, serving practical dharma rather than cosmology or genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

Vāk is creative power; corrupted speech ‘creates’ conflict-realities. Naming Vijalpā/Kalahā externalizes the vṛtti so it can be countered by deliberate saṃskāra (re-patterning).