Shloka 23

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

विशुद्धगेहावसथादनायासाच्च वै द्विज ।

तथैव सस्यहा चान्यः सस्यर्धिमुपहन्ति यः ॥

Transliteration

viśuddha-gehāvasathād anāyāsāc ca vai dvija / tathaiva sasya-hā cānyaḥ sasya-ṛddhim upahanti yaḥ

Translation

اے دو بار جنم لینے والے! پاکیزہ گھر اور پاک رہائش گاہ میں رہنے سے، اور بےجا مشقت سے بچنے سے (حفاظت قائم رہتی ہے)؛ اسی طرح ایک اور ہے—جو کھیتی کو برباد کرتا ہے—وہ فصل کی خوشحالی کو نقصان پہنچاتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• viśuddha-geha-avasathāt: from a pure house and dwelling
• viśuddha-geha-avasathāt: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + geha (प्रातिपदिक) + avasatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (karmadhāraya: viśuddha-geha; then tatpuruṣa: geha-avasatha = “house-dwelling/abode”); Masculine, Ablative (5th), Singular

• anāyāsāt: from being without strain/effortlessness
• anāyāsāt: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anāyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• vai: indeed
• vai: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphasis (निपात)

• dvija: O twice-born (brahmin)
• dvija: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

• tathā: thus/likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• eva: just/indeed
• eva: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle of emphasis/restriction (निपात)

• sasyahā: crop-destroyer
• sasyahā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sasyahā (प्रातिपदिक; sasyam + √han (धातु) → -hā)
• Form: Upapada-tatpuruṣa (कर्म-तत्पुरुष: sasyam hanti iti); Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifies sasyahā

• sasya-ṛddhim: the prosperity of crops
• sasya-ṛddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sasya (प्रातिपदिक) + ṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: sasyasya ṛddhiḥ); Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• upahanti: harms/destroys
• upahanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√han (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यत्), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; refers to sasyahā

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction (addressee: ‘dvija’ indicates a didactic address)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Householder conduct
• Prosperity ethics
• Non-harm
• Purity of residence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Material well-being (especially agrarian prosperity) is tied to ethical restraint and ordered living; harming communal sustenance (crops) is singled out as a direct attack on collective welfare.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma teaching (ācāra/niyama) rather than a pancalakṣaṇa core category.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Crops’ can be read as the yield of one’s actions; the ‘crop-destroyer’ is any habit that undermines the maturation of merit (puṇya) and stability (śrī).