Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 55

Adhyaya 45Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

तस्माच्चतुर्गुणा ह्यापो विज्ञेयास्ता रसात्मिकाः ।

शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपञ्च रसो गन्धं समाविशत् ॥

tasmāccaturguṇā hyāpo vijñeyāstā rasātmikāḥ / śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpañca raso gandhaṃ samāviśat

لہٰذا پانی کو رَس کو اپنی فطرت رکھنے والا اور چار اوصاف والا سمجھنا چاہیے۔ شبد، سپرش، روپ اور رس بتدریج گندھ میں داخل ہو کر اس کے سبب بنے۔

tasmāttherefore; from that
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Reason)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative sense used adverbially (तस्मात् = ‘therefore/from that’), avyayībhāva-like usage; source/hetu nuance
caturguṇāḥfourfold; having four qualities
caturguṇāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatur + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Feminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; dvigu-samāsa ‘having four qualities’ qualifying āpaḥ
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) for emphasis/indeed
āpaḥwaters
āpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootap (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; ‘waters’
vijñeyāḥto be known; should be understood
vijñeyāḥ:
Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण/Predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi + jñā (धातु) + ya (कृत्)
FormGerundive/obligatory passive participle (तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययार्थ), Feminine Nominative Plural agreeing with āpaḥ; ‘to be known/should be understood’
tāḥthose (they)
tāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; pronoun referring to āpaḥ
rasātmikāḥof the nature of taste/essence
rasātmikāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootrasa + ātmaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine Nominative Plural; tatpuruṣa ‘having the nature of rasa (taste/essence)’ qualifying āpaḥ
śabdaḥsound
śabdaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśabda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular
sparśaḥtouch
sparśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject, coordinated)
TypeNoun
Rootsparśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
rūpamform; color
rūpam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject, coordinated)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (coordinated list)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
rasaḥtaste
rasaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject, coordinated)
TypeNoun
Rootrasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular
gandhamsmell; odor
gandham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootgandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular
samāviśatentered; pervaded
samāviśat:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + ā + viś (धातु)
FormLuṅ (लुङ्/Aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular; ‘entered/pervaded’
Narrative discourse within cosmological teaching (frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

CosmologySāṅkhya categoriesMahābhūtasTanmātrasGuṇa theory

FAQs

The verse teaches a graded ontology: subtler sensory potentials (sound, touch, form, taste) are progressively included as the elements become ‘denser,’ culminating toward smell. Ethically, it supports discernment (viveka): the experienced world is a composite of qualities, not an ultimate self.

Sarga (primary creation): it describes the constitution of the elements and the sequential emergence of sensory qualities (tanmātras/guṇas) in the created order.

The ‘entry’ (anupraveśa) of qualities implies interpenetration: gross experience is layered with subtler principles. In inner practice, it hints that sense-fields can be traced back (pratyāhāra-like) from gross to subtle, reversing the outward-moving creation sequence.