Shloka 49

Adhyaya 39 — Yoga Discipline: Posture, Breath Control, Sense Withdrawal, and Signs of Attainment

Sanskrit

शुष्कपर्णचये नद्यां श्मशाने ससरीसृपे ।

सभये कूपतीरे वा चैत्यवल्मीकसञ्चये ॥

Transliteration

śuṣka-parṇa-caye nadyāṃ śmaśāne sa-sarīsṛpe / sa-bhaye kūpa-tīre vā caitya-valmīka-sañcaye

Translation

اسی طرح خشک پتّوں کے ڈھیروں پر، دریا میں یا دریا کے کنارے، شمشان میں، سانپ وغیرہ والے مقامات میں، خوفناک جگہوں میں، کنویں کے کنارے، اور چَیتیہ (مقدس مزار) اور دیمک کے ٹیلوں/بانبیوں کے درمیان بھی یوگ نہیں کرنا چاہیے۔

Word by Word

• śuṣka-parṇa-caye: in a heap of dry leaves
• śuṣka-parṇa-caye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śuṣka (प्रातिपदिक) + parṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + caya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः/कर्मधारय-भावः—शुष्कपर्णानां चयः; पुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• nadyām: in a river
• nadyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative), एकवचनम्

• śmaśāne: in a cremation ground
• śmaśāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śmaśāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• sa-sarīsṛpe: in a place with reptiles/creeping creatures
• sa-sarīsṛpe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (प्रातिपदिक/उपसर्गार्थ) + sarīsṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः—सरिसृपैः सहितः; नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (स्थान-विशेषण)

• sa-bhaye: in a fearful place
• sa-bhaye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (प्रातिपदिक/उपसर्गार्थ) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः—भयेन सहितः; नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• kūpa-tīre: on the bank/edge of a well
• kūpa-tīre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kūpa (प्रातिपदिक) + tīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः—कूपस्य तीरम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्ययम् (disjunctive particle)

• caitya-valmīka-sañcaye: in a cluster of shrines and anthills
• caitya-valmīka-sañcaye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caitya (प्रातिपदिक) + valmīka (प्रातिपदिक) + sañcaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः—चैत्यवल्मीकानां सञ्चयः; पुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

Speakers

• Instructional voice within the chapter

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Auspicious space
• Safety
• Avoidance of tamasic locations

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The yogin must protect concentration and bodily safety. Environments that provoke fear, impurity associations, or physical hazard disturb the mind and can derail practice.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Instructional material; not an account of creation, dynasties, or manvantaras.

What is the esoteric significance?

Cremation grounds, rivers, and anthills can represent liminal energies. Here the text emphasizes foundational steadiness over advanced transgressive practices, prioritizing sattvic stability.