Shloka 10

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

यवव्रीहिसगोधूमतिला मुद्गाः ससरषपाः ।

प्रियङ्गवः कोविदारा निष्पावाश्चातिशोभनाः ॥

Transliteration

yava-vrīhi-sa-godhūma-tilā mudgāḥ sa-sarṣapāḥ / priyaṅgavaḥ kovidārā niṣpāvāś cātiśobhanāḥ

Translation

جو، چاول، گندم، تل؛ سرسوں کے ساتھ مونگ؛ پریانگو، کوودار اور نِشپاوا—یہ (شرادھ کے لیے) نہایت عمدہ ہیں۔

Word by Word

• यवव्रीहिसगोधूमतिलाः: barley, rice, wheat, and sesame
• यवव्रीहिसगोधूमतिलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यव + व्रीहि + स + गोधूम + तिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (यवाः, व्रीहयः, गोधूमाः, तिलाः) with 'स' as conjunctional element

• मुद्गाः: green gram (mudga)
• मुद्गाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुद्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• ससरषपाः: with mustard (sarṣapa)
• ससरषपाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + सरषप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; 'स' = सह/समुच्चय (with)

• प्रियङ्गवः: priyaṅgu-grain
• प्रियङ्गवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रियङ्गु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• कोविदाराः: kovidāra (buds/plant produce)
• कोविदाराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोविदार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• निष्पावाः: niṣpāva beans
• निष्पावाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निष्पाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अतिशोभनाः: very excellent/very auspicious
• अतिशोभनाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति + शोभन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण; 'अति' उपसर्गार्थ (very)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not explicit in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Ritual food lists

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A śrāddha offering should be composed of respected, widely acceptable staples—foods that are culturally ‘clean’ and sustaining—underscoring dharma as orderliness in daily and ancestral obligations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma material; not Pancalakṣaṇa proper.

What is the esoteric significance?

Staple grains and seeds can be read as symbols of ‘bīja’ (seed) and continuity—appropriate for rites oriented toward lineage, memory, and transmission.