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Shloka 29

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

वेदोज्झोऽथाग्निसन्त्यागी वृषलीपतिदूषितः ।

तथान्ये च विकर्मस्था वर्ज्याः पितृ्येषु वै द्विजाः ॥

Transliteration

vedojjho 'thāgnisantyāgī vṛṣalīpatidūṣitaḥ | tathānye ca vikarmasthā varjyāḥ pitryeṣu vai dvijāḥ ||

Translation

جو وید کو ترک کر چکا ہو، جو مقدس آگوں کو چھوڑ دے، جو شودر عورت کے شوہر کی صحبت سے آلودہ ہو، اور دیگر جو ممنوع اعمال میں مشغول ہوں—ایسے دِوِج پِتروں کے اعمال (شرادھ) میں قابلِ اجتناب ہیں۔

Word by Word
वेद-उज्झःone who abandons the Veda
वेद-उज्झः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवेद (प्रातिपदिक) + उज्झ (प्रातिपदिक; √उज्झ्/उत्सृज्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative singular; तत्पुरुष: वेदान् उज्झति इति ‘one who abandons the Veda’
अथand/then
अथ:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक — Indeclinable ‘and/then’
अग्नि-सन्त्यागीone who gives up the sacred fires
अग्नि-सन्त्यागी:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + सन्त्यागिन् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √त्यज् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कृदन्त: णिनि/इन्-प्रत्ययान्त कर्तृवाचक — Masculine, Nominative singular; ‘one who completely abandons the sacred fires’
वृषली-पति-दूषितःdefiled/tainted (by improper association)
वृषली-पति-दूषितः:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृषली (प्रातिपदिक) + पति (प्रातिपदिक) + दूषित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √दूष्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) — Masculine, Nominative singular; ‘defiled by (association with) the husband of a śūdra-woman / by a vṛṣalī’s husband’ (context: polluted)
तथाalso
तथा:
सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक — Indeclinable ‘also’
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘others’
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक — Indeclinable conjunction ‘and’
विकर्म-स्थाःthose engaged in forbidden acts
विकर्म-स्थाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √स्था धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: क्त/अच्-समासान्त ‘स्थ’ (standing/engaged) — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘those engaged in forbidden acts’
वर्ज्याःto be avoided
वर्ज्याः:
विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्ज्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √वृज्/वर्ज् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive) — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘to be avoided’
पितृ्येषुin ancestral rites
पितृ्येषु:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन — Neuter, Locative plural; ‘in the rites for the Pitṛs (ancestral rites)’
वैindeed
वै:
सम्बन्ध (Emphasis particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चयार्थक/पादपूरण — Indeclinable particle ‘indeed’
द्विजाःtwice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative plural
Speakers
Didactic narrator within the Purāṇic discourse (Śrāddha injunctions; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaPitṛ PūjāŚrāddhaVedic observanceRitual discipline

FAQs

The text links śrāddha efficacy to sustained discipline (Veda and agnihotra). The ethical claim is that public religious responsibility and personal restraint safeguard the sanctity of intergenerational obligations.

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material: it regulates conduct rather than narrating creation, dissolutions, genealogies, or manvantaras.

‘Abandoning Veda/fire’ symbolizes a break in sacred continuity; since śrāddha is a continuity-rite (linking descendants and ancestors), the recipient’s continuity of practice is treated as mirroring the rite’s subtle purpose.

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