Shloka 14

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

अपसव्यञ्च तत्रापि भोजयेदयुजो द्विजान् ।

विशेषस्तत्र चान्योऽस्ति प्रतिमासं क्रियाधिकः ॥

Transliteration

apasavyañ ca tatrāpi bhojayed ayujo dvijān |

viśeṣas tatra cānyo 'sti pratimāsaṃ kriyādhikaḥ ||

Translation

وہاں اپسویہ طریقے سے (پِتروں کے لیے بائیں جانب) طاق تعداد میں دْوِجوں (برہمنوں) کو کھانا کھلانا چاہیے۔ ایک اور خاص بات یہ کہی گئی ہے کہ یہ رسم ہر ماہ بڑھائے ہوئے ضابطوں کے ساتھ ادا کی جائے۔

Word by Word

• apasavyam: in the apasavya manner
• apasavyam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: apasavya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative used as avyaya (उपपद-नपुंसक एकवचन/क्रियाविशेषण): ‘in the apasavya manner’ (right-to-left/contrary to savya)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• tatra: there/in that (context)
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• bhojayet: should feed
• bhojayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhuj (धातु)
• Form: Causative (णिच्) of √bhuj; Optative/vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• ayujaḥ: unpaired/single (not in pairs)
• ayujaḥ: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ayuj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying dvijān

• dvijān: Brahmins (twice-born)
• dvijān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• viśeṣaḥ: a special feature/distinction
• viśeṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• tatra: there/in that
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate adjective to viśeṣaḥ

• asti: is/exists
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Present indicative (लट्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada

• prati-māsam: every month
• prati-māsam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prati (अव्यय) + māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva: ‘per month’; functions adverbially

• kriyā-adhikaḥ: having greater ritual action (more elaborate)
• kriyā-adhikaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kriyā (प्रातिपदिक) + adhika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: kriyāyāḥ adhikaḥ = superior in ritual action; agrees with viśeṣaḥ

Speakers

• Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitri Puja
• Śrāddha-vidhi
• Hospitality to brāhmaṇas

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ancestral obligation is framed as disciplined hospitality and regular remembrance; the monthly cadence turns grief into sustained dharmic care rather than a single event.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material; not directly one of the pañcalakṣaṇa narrative-axes.

What is the esoteric significance?

Apasavya orientation and odd counts encode ‘pitṛ-directionality’—a ritual grammar marking the rite as belonging to lineage and the subtle realm of ancestors rather than to deva-yajña.