Shloka 19

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

स्वकर्मणा धनं लब्ध्वा पितृदेवातिथींस्तथा ।

सम्यक् सम्प्रीणयन् भक्त्या पोषयेच्चाश्रितांस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

svakarmaṇā dhanaṃ labdhvā pitṛdevātithīṃs tathā /

samyak samprīṇayan bhaktyā poṣayec cāśritāṃs tathā //

Translation

اپنے مناسب عمل سے شاستری طریقے پر مال حاصل کر کے وہ عقیدت کے ساتھ پِتروں، دیوتاؤں اور مہمانوں کو حسبِ دستور راضی کرے؛ اور اسی طرح اپنے زیرِ کفالت لوگوں کی پرورش بھی کرے۔

Word by Word

• sva-karmaṇā: by one’s own work
• sva-karmaṇā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (svaṃ karma)

• dhanam: wealth
• dhanam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• labdhvā: having obtained
• labdhvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Anterior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √labh (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): 'having obtained'

• pitṝn: ancestors
• pitṝn: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• devān: gods
• devān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• atithīn: guests
• atithīn: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: atithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/तुल्यतार्थक (also/likewise)

• samyak: properly
• samyak: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: properly)

• samprīṇayan: pleasing/satisfying
• samprīṇayan: Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√prī (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• bhaktyā: with devotion
• bhaktyā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• poṣayet: should nourish/support
• poṣayet: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √puṣ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• āśritān: dependents/those who have taken refuge
• āśritān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ā-√śri (धातु) → āśrita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) प्रयुक्तः संज्ञावत् (used substantively)

• tathā: likewise/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरुक्त-समुच्चय (again: likewise)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction narrative voice (contextual teacher-speaker within Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs
• Devas

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Pitṛ-yajña
• Atithi-satkāra
• Right livelihood

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The householder’s wealth is ethically conditioned: it must arise from rightful work and be redirected toward sustaining cosmic/social reciprocity—ancestors, gods, guests, and dependents.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma-ācāra instruction; tangentially supports manvantara order (social stability), but not a direct manvantara account.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Pleasing’ pitṛs/devas/guests symbolizes harmonizing past (ancestors), higher powers (devas), and present society (atithi). The gṛhastha becomes a living ‘yajña-node’ linking these realms.