Shloka 2

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

अश्वमेनं समारुह्य प्रातः प्रातर्दिने दिने ।

अबाधा द्विजमुख्यानामन्वेष्टव्या सदैव हि ॥

Transliteration

aśvam enaṃ samāruhya prātaḥ prātardine dine | abādhā dvijamukhyānām anveṣṭavyā sadaiva hi

Translation

اس گھوڑے پر سوار ہو کر ہر روز صبحِ صبح روانہ ہو۔ ہمیشہ یہ یقینی بناؤ کہ دِوِج شریشٹھ برہمن رِشی بےآزار اور بےفکر رہیں۔

Word by Word

• अश्वम्: horse
• अश्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एनम्: this (him/it)
• एनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Pronoun (etad), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समारुह्य: having mounted
• समारुह्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + रुह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); ‘having mounted/ascended’

• प्रातः: in the morning
• प्रातः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• प्रातर्: in the morning
• प्रातर्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातर् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• दिने: on the day
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Locative, Singular

• दिने: day (each day)
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Locative, Singular (idiom: ‘day by day’)

• अबाधा: non-harm, absence of affliction
• अबाधा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-बाधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• द्विजमुख्यानाम्: of the foremost Brahmins
• द्विजमुख्यानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज + मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष समास (द्विजानां मुख्या:); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अन्वेष्टव्या: must be ensured/sought
• अन्वेष्टव्या: Vidhi/Prayojya (विधेय/आवश्यकता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + इष् (धातु) → अन्वेष्टव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/passive necessity); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; agrees with ‘अबाधा’; ‘to be sought/ensured’

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: नित्यत्ववाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (particle of emphasis)

• हि: for/indeed
• हि: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चये निपात (particle: for/indeed)

Speakers

• Father (a king) instructing his son (prince) (names not specified in the provided verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Royal duty (rājadharma)
• Protection of Brahmins/sages

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Rulership is framed as service: a king (or prince) must actively ensure the safety and unobstructed religious life of sages and Brahmins. The emphasis on 'day after day' makes protection a continual obligation, not an occasional act of charity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily falls under Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of dynasties/royal conduct) and Dharma-śikṣā embedded in narrative; it is not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara in these verses.

What is the esoteric significance?

The 'horse' can be read as the instrument of vigilant governance and disciplined movement through the realm; safeguarding the 'dvija' symbolizes protecting the Vedic order (ṛta/dharma) that sustains society.