Shloka 41

Adhyaya 20Duties of Life Stages

पुत्रावूचतुः तेनाख्यातमिदं तात पूर्ववृत्तं महात्मना ।

कौमारके यथा तस्य वृतं सद्वृत्तशालिनः ॥

putrāv ūcatuḥ tenākhyātam idaṃ tāta pūrva-vṛttaṃ mahātmanā | kaumārake yathā tasya vṛtaṃ sad-vṛtta-śālinaḥ ||

دونوں بیٹوں نے کہا—اے پیارے والد! یہ سابقہ بیان اسی مہاتما نے سنایا تھا کہ بچپن میں اُس نیک سیرت مرد کا کردار کیسے دیکھا گیا، یعنی اُس نے کون سا ورت اور ضبط اختیار کیا۔

putrauthe two sons
putrau:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन
ūcatuḥsaid
ūcatuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन; 'they two said'
tenaby him
tena:
Karaṇa (करण/agent-instrument in passive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; 'by him'
ākhyātamwas told
ākhyātam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate in passive sense)
TypeVerb
Rootā-khyā (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'told/related'
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म/object/content)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'this'
tātaO dear sir
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; address 'dear father/sir'
pūrva-vṛttamthe earlier account
pūrva-vṛttam:
Karma (कर्म/content)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: 'former event/what happened before'
mahātmanāby the great-souled one
mahātmanā:
Karaṇa (करण/agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; 'by the great-souled one'
kaumārakein childhood
kaumārake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootkaumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; 'in boyhood/childhood'
yathāas
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunctive adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमान/प्रकारवाचक (comparative/manner) = 'as/how'
tasyaof him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; 'of him'
vṛtamconduct
vṛtam:
Karma (कर्म/content)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtta/vṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'conduct/behavior' (as narrated)
sat-vṛtta-śālinaḥof the well-conducted one
sat-vṛtta-śālinaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive qualifier of 'tasya')
TypeAdjective
Rootsat (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक) + śālin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: 'of one possessing good conduct'
Two sons (dual: putrāv ūcatuḥ) addressing their father.

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Transmission of traditionExemplary conductYouthful disciplineNarrative framing

FAQs

Dharma is preserved through narration and exemplars: the sons relay instruction received from a ‘mahātman’, emphasizing lineage of teaching and the importance of forming virtue from youth.

Functions as an introduction to a vaṃśānucarita-like moral narrative (life of a virtuous figure), though not itself a genealogical enumeration.

‘Boyhood conduct’ signals that spiritual/ethical formation begins before social status and power; inner samskāras established early become the foundation for later achievements.