Shloka 3

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

गर्दभो जायते जन्तुः पित्रोश्चाप्यवमानकः ।

मातापितरावाक्रुश्य शारिका सम्प्रजायते ॥

Transliteration

gardabho jāyate jantuḥ pitroś cāpy avamānakaḥ /

mātāpitarāv ākruśya śārikā samprajāyate

Translation

جو جاندار اپنے پِتروں کی بے حرمتی کرے وہ گدھا بن کر پیدا ہوتا ہے۔ اور جو ماں باپ کو برا کہے وہ شَارِکا (مینا) پرندہ بن کر جنم لیتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• gardabhaḥ: a donkey
• gardabhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gardabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• jāyate: is born
• jāyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (जन् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• jantuḥ: a creature
• jantuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jantu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• pitroḥ: of (his) parents (father and mother)
• pitroḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (पितृ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Dual (द्विवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha/Anvaya (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• avamānakaḥ: one who insults / a reviler
• avamānakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avamānaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• mātā-pitarau: mother and father (parents)
• mātā-pitarau: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ+pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Dual (द्विवचन)

• ākruśya: having abused / having shouted at
• ākruśya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√kruś (क्रुश् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (ल्यप्)

• śārikā: a myna bird
• śārikā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śārikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sam-prajāyate: is born (as)
• sam-prajāyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-pra-√jan (जन् धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

Speakers

• Yamakiṅkara

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Pitṛ-dharma
• Filial duty
• Karmic rebirth
• Speech ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Respect toward parents and ancestors is foundational to dharma; abuse of speech against them is treated as a serious moral failure with tangible karmic consequences.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical/ritual instruction (especially pitṛ-related dharma), not the purāṇa’s five defining marks.

What is the esoteric significance?

The myna—known for mimicry and loud speech—fits the symbolism of harmful words returning as a birth defined by chatter; the donkey image suggests burden and dullness arising from disrespect of one’s roots.