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Shloka 38

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

पुण्यपापोद्भवं भुङ्क्ते सुखदुःखोपलक्षणम् ।

यत्त्वं पृच्छसि मां राजन् यातनाः पापकर्मिणाम् ।

केन केनेति पापेन तत्ते वक्ष्याम्यशेषतः ॥

Transliteration

puṇyapāpodbhavaṃ bhuṅkte sukhaduḥkhopalakṣaṇam / yad tvaṃ pṛcchasi māṃ rājan yātanāḥ pāpakarmiṇām / kena keneti pāpena tat te vakṣyām aśeṣataḥ

Translation

وہ ثواب اور گناہ سے پیدا ہونے والا، لذت و رنج کی علامت والا نتیجہ بھگتتے ہیں۔ اے بادشاہ، تم گناہ کرنے والوں کی اذیتوں کے بارے میں پوچھتے ہو کہ ‘وہ کن کن گناہوں سے پیدا ہوتی ہیں؟’—وہ میں تمہیں پوری طرح بتاؤں گا۔

Word by Word
puṇya-pāpa-udbhavamarising from merit and sin
puṇya-pāpa-udbhavam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpuṇya (प्रातिपदिक) + pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + udbhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: 'puṇyapāpayor udbhavaḥ' = arising from merit and sin; विशेषण (qualifying sukhaduḥkhopalakṣaṇam)
bhuṅkteenjoys/experiences
bhuṅkte:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद
sukha-duḥkha-upalakṣaṇamthat which is marked by pleasure and pain
sukha-duḥkha-upalakṣaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक) + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + upalakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); तत्पुरुष: 'sukhaduḥkhayoḥ upalakṣaṇam' = characterized by pleasure and pain
yatwhich (that)
yat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
tvamyou
tvam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम
pṛcchasiyou ask
pṛcchasi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprach (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
māmme
mām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
rājanO king
rājan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
yātanāḥtorments (punishments)
yātanāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
pāpa-karmiṇāmof sinful-doers
pāpa-karmiṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक) + in (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष: 'pāpaṃ karma yeṣām/kurvanti' = of those who do sinful deeds
kenaby which (sin)
kena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (Neut./Masc.), तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular); प्रश्नवाचक (interrogative)
kenaby which (in what way)
kena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (Neut./Masc.), तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular); पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्तिबोधक अव्यय (quotative particle)
pāpenaby sin
pāpena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); अन्वादेश (that)
teto you
te:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी/चतुर्थी-एकवचन (Gen./Dat. Singular) enclitic; here चतुर्थी (Dative): 'to you'
vakṣyāmiI will tell
vakṣyāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
aśeṣataḥcompletely, without omission
aśeṣataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaśeṣatas (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त: 'without remainder, entirely'
Speakers
Sage/narrator to a King (rājan); preparing a catalog of sins and corresponding punishments
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
KarmaphalaNaraka punishmentsEthicsDidactic cataloging

FAQs

The text frames pleasure and pain as diagnostic signs of prior merit and sin, and it treats ethics concretely by mapping specific misdeeds to specific consequences.

This is dharma/karma exposition (often embedded within purāṇas) rather than the five hallmark topics.

The promised ‘complete’ enumeration suggests a moral taxonomy: naming sins is meant to awaken discernment (viveka) and restraint, turning fear of consequence into ethical self-regulation.

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