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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 1Jaimini’s Questions on the Mahabharata and the Origin of the Wise Birds

तपस्यन्तं नगेंद्रस्थं या वः क्षोभयते बलात् ।

दुर्वाससं मुनिश्रेष्ठं तां वो मन्ये गुणाधिकाम् ॥

tapasyantaṃ nagendrasthaṃ yā vaḥ kṣobhayate balāt | durvāsasaṃ muniśreṣṭhaṃ tāṃ vo manye guṇādhikām ||

جب پہاڑوں کے مالک پر برتر رِشی دُروَاسا تپسیا کر رہے ہیں، اُس وقت جو عورت تمہیں زور سے مضطرب کرتی ہے—میں اسے فضیلت اور برتری میں تم سے اعلیٰ سمجھتا ہوں۔

तपस्यन्तम्performing austerities
तपस्यन्तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) + य (धातु-आधारित)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; 'तपस्यन्' = तपः आचरन्
नगेन्द्रस्थम्dwelling on the mountain-king
नगेन्द्रस्थम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनग + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: 'नगेन्द्रे स्थितः' (situated on the lord of mountains)
याshe who
या:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)
वःof you
वः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural) (enclitic)
क्षोभयतेagitates, disturbs
क्षोभयते:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootक्षुभ् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative): 'causes to be agitated'
बलात्by force
बलात्:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause-manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्ययीभाव (ablatival adverb): 'by force/forcibly'
दुर्वाससम्Durvāsas
दुर्वाससम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्वासस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
मुनिश्रेष्ठम्best of sages
मुनिश्रेष्ठम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक) + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'मुनीनां श्रेष्ठः' (best of sages)
ताम्her
ताम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
वःof you
वः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural) (enclitic)
मन्येI think, I consider
मन्ये:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद
गुणाधिकाम्more excellent in qualities
गुणाधिकाम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootगुण + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: 'गुणैः अधिका'
Uncertain from verse-only input (requires surrounding verses to identify the speaker in the opening dialogue)
Durvāsas (ṛṣi)
Not explicit; a powerful ‘she’ is referenced but not named as Devī in this verse alone
Tapas (ascetic power)Spiritual hierarchy based on guṇa (excellence)Awe of superior potency (śakti/tejas)

FAQs

The verse implies that true superiority is measured by inner excellence (guṇa) and spiritual potency rather than status alone. Even beings who presume power are to recognize a higher force—especially one capable of disturbing them despite the presence of a great ascetic like Durvāsas.

This verse functions as narrative framing (ākhyāna) rather than a direct statement of sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita. At most, it supports vaṃśānucarita/character-focused narration by referencing the famed ṛṣi Durvāsas and establishing relative spiritual power within the story context.

Durvāsas symbolizes concentrated tapas/tejas (ascetic fire). The unnamed ‘she’ who can still ‘agitate’ others suggests a superior śakti that transcends ordinary ascetic radiance—hinting at a principle of higher power (often read in Purāṇic idiom as Devī/Śakti), though the verse itself does not explicitly identify her.