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Shloka 29

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

ब्राह्मणे कीदृशो धर्म: क्षत्रिये कीदृशो5भवत्‌ | वैश्ये किलक्षणो धर्म: शूद्रे किलक्षणो भवेत्‌

brāhmaṇe kīdṛśo dharmaḥ kṣatriye kīdṛśo 'bhavat | vaiśye ki-lakṣaṇo dharmaḥ śūdre ki-lakṣaṇo bhavet ||

برہمن کے لیے دھرم کی نوعیت کیا ہے؟ کشتری کے لیے کیا ہے؟ ویش کے مناسب دھرم کی پہچان کن علامتوں سے ہوتی ہے، اور شودر کے دھرم کی شناخت کن علامتوں سے کی جائے؟

ब्राह्मणेin/for a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कीदृशःof what kind
कीदृशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियेin/for a Kshatriya
क्षत्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कीदृशःof what kind
कीदृशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्was / became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैश्येin/for a Vaishya
वैश्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किलक्षणःhaving what characteristics
किलक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकिलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रेin/for a Shudra
शूद्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किलक्षणःhaving what characteristics
किलक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकिलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / may be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a systematic inquiry into varṇadharma—how dharma is defined differently for Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, and Śūdra—by asking for the distinguishing characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of each.

Śrī Maheśvara speaks in a didactic context, posing questions that set up a subsequent explanation of the duties and ethical norms appropriate to the four social orders.