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Kurma Purana — Uttara Bhaga, Shloka 24

Vānaprastha-Dharma: Forest Discipline, Vaikhānasa Austerities, and Śiva-Āśrama as the Liberative Refuge

नक्तं चान्न समश्नीयाद् दिवा चाहृत्य शक्तितः / चतुर्थकालिको वा स्यात् स्याद्वाप्यष्टमकालिकः

naktaṃ cānna samaśnīyād divā cāhṛtya śaktitaḥ / caturthakāliko vā syāt syādvāpyaṣṭamakālikaḥ

وہ رات میں کھانا نہ کھائے؛ دن میں اپنی طاقت کے مطابق غذا حاصل کرکے دن کے چوتھے حصے میں کھائے، یا آٹھویں حصے میں کھانے والا بھی ہو۔

नक्तम्at night
नक्तम्:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनक्तम् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय)
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
समश्नीयात्should eat
समश्नीयात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + अश् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
दिवाby day
दिवा:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/adverb of time)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय)
आहृत्यhaving brought/collected
आहृत्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ + हृ (धातु) → आहृत्य (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव
शक्तितःaccording to ability
शक्तितः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb) = यथाशक्ति
चतुर्थ-कालिकःone who eats at the fourth time/interval
चतुर्थ-कालिकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + कालिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (चतुर्थे काले भुङ्क्ते इति)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Vidhi-kriyā (विधेयक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (विकल्पार्थक)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय/also)
अष्टम-कालिकःone who eats at the eighth time/interval
अष्टम-कालिकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टम (प्रातिपदिक) + कालिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (अष्टमे काले भुङ्क्ते इति)

Traditional attribution: a teaching voice within the Purāṇic dialogue (instructional discourse to the inquirer), aligned with Kurma Purana’s dharma-yoga injunctions

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

FAQs

Indirectly: by prescribing restraint over appetite and time, it supports inner mastery (indriya-nigraha), a prerequisite for steady contemplation in which the Self is realized beyond bodily cravings.

A practical niyama of āhāra-niyama (regulated diet and timing): do not eat at night; obtain food by day within one’s means; adopt measured meal-timing (caturtha-kālika or the more austere aṣṭama-kālika), strengthening tapas and meditation-readiness.

Not by naming them, but through shared sādhanā principles: the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis often expresses unity through common yogic disciplines—restraint, tapas, and dharma—accepted across both Śaiva (including Pāśupata) and Vaiṣṇava streams.