Shloka 5

Śrāddha-Kāla-Nirṇaya: Proper Times, Nakṣatra Fruits, Tīrtha Merit, and Offerings for Ancestral Rites

Devanagari script

त्रयोदशी मघायुक्ता वर्षासु तु विशेषतः / शस्यापाकश्राद्धकाला नित्याः प्रोक्ता दिने दिने

Transliteration

trayodaśī maghāyuktā varṣāsu tu viśeṣataḥ / śasyāpākaśrāddhakālā nityāḥ proktā dine dine

Translation

برسات کے موسم میں خصوصاً مَغھا نَکشتر سے یُکت تریودشی مستحسن ہے۔ فصل کے پکنے سے متعلق شرادھ کے لیے یہ وقت روز بروز نِتیہ طور پر موزوں کہا گیا ہے۔

Word by Word

• त्रयोदशी: the thirteenth (tithi)
• त्रयोदशी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• मघा-युक्ता: associated with Maghā
• मघा-युक्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मघा (प्रातिपदिक) + युक्त (कृदन्त; युज् धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; 'joined with Maghā (nakṣatra)' qualifying त्रयोदशी

• वर्षासु: in the rains
• वर्षासु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), बहुवचन; locative—'in the rainy season(s)'

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), contrast/emphasis

• विशेषतः: especially
• विशेषतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतः (अव्यय; विशेष)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) — 'especially'

• शस्य-अपाक-श्राद्ध-कालाः: times for harvest-ripening and śrāddha
• शस्य-अपाक-श्राद्ध-कालाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्य (प्रातिपदिक) + अपाक (प्रातिपदिक) + श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; 'times for crop-ripening and śrāddha' (determinative chain)

• नित्याः: regular/constant
• नित्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; predicate adjective to कालाः

• प्रोक्ताः: are declared
• प्रोक्ताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग) + वच् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; passive sense 'are said/declared'

• दिने: on a day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; adverbial locative

• दिने: day by day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense

Speaker

Sūta (narrating the dharma-teaching of the Purāṇa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Maghā Nakṣatra
• Trayodaśī
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛs (ancestors)

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse is primarily dharma-prayoga (ritual timing) rather than direct ātma-tattva teaching; it implies that honoring the Pitṛs through rightly-timed rites sustains ṛta/dharma, which in the Purāṇic synthesis supports inner purity conducive to Self-knowledge.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No explicit yoga technique is taught here; the emphasis is on niyama-like discipline—observing proper tithi-nakṣatra and seasonal purity for Śrāddha—which the Kurma Purana often treats as supportive of sādhana (ethical-ritual foundations that steady the mind).

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not directly discuss Shiva–Vishnu unity; it reflects the shared Purāṇic dharma framework in which both Shaiva and Vaishnava traditions uphold Śrāddha and cosmic order as part of integrated spiritual life.