Shloka 19
Vasiṣṭha-gamana
Vasiṣṭha’s Departure / The Episode of Sagara
Devanagari script
जघान सानुगान्मत्तः प्रजाः क्रुद्ध इवान्तकः / ततस्तान्प्रति सक्रोधः सगरः समरे ऽरिहा
Transliteration
jaghāna sānugānmattaḥ prajāḥ kruddha ivāntakaḥ / tatastānprati sakrodhaḥ sagaraḥ samare 'rihā
Translation
وہ دیوانہ وار اپنے ساتھیوں سمیت رعایا کو قتل کرنے لگا، گویا غضبناک یم؛ تب دشمن کُش سگر غصّے کے ساتھ میدانِ جنگ میں اُن کے مقابل آیا۔
Word by Word
jaghānaslew, struck down
jaghāna:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada
sa-anugāntogether with followers
sa-anugān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ) + anuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana; विशेषण of prajāḥ/nṛpān understood; sa- = ‘with’ (saha-artha)
mattaḥmaddened
mattaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmatta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; adverbial/qualifying the subject (Sagara) as ‘intoxicated/maddened’
prajāḥsubjects, people
prajāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana
kruddhaḥangry
kruddhaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkruddha (कृदन्त)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; kta from √krudh ‘to be angry’; predicate adjective of subject
ivalike, as if
iva:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle of comparison (उपमा)
antakaḥDeath (Yama)
antakaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootantaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; used in simile
tataḥthen, thereafter
tataḥ:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence
tānthose (kings)
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana
pratiagainst, towards
prati:
Pratiyogin-dyotaka (प्रत्ययार्थ/द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; preposition-like (upasarga/avyaya) meaning ‘towards/against’
sa-krodhaḥwith anger, enraged
sa-krodhaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय/सह) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; विशेषण of sagaraḥ; sa- = ‘with’
sagaraḥSagara
sagaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsagara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
samarein battle
samare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; locative of place
arihāslayer of enemies
arihā:
Apposition (समानााधिकरण/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootarihā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; epithet of Sagara (‘enemy-slayer’)