Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 15
Chapter 338 — शृङ्गारादिरसनिरूपणम्
Exposition of the Rasas beginning with Śṛṅgāra
जुगुप्सा च पदार्थानां निन्दा दौर्भाग्यवाहिनां विस्मयो ऽतिशयेनार्थदर्शनाच्चित्तविस्तृतिः
jugupsā ca padārthānāṃ nindā daurbhāgyavāhināṃ vismayo 'tiśayenārthadarśanāccittavistṛtiḥ
جُگُپسا یعنی اشیا کے بارے میں کراہت/نفرت؛ نِندا اُن کے لیے ہے جو بدقسمتی کا باعث بنتے ہیں۔ وِسمَی کسی غیر معمولی معنی/چیز کے دیدار سے چِت کا پھیلاؤ ہے۔
Lord Agni (in instruction to Sage Vasiṣṭha, in the Agni Purana’s kavya-śāstra section)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Natya","practical_application":"Use these definitions to distinguish jugupsā (disgust), nindā (censure), and vismaya (wonder) in rasa construction, character psychology, and audience targeting.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Jugupsā, Nindā, Vismaya: affective definitions","lookup_keywords":["jugupsā","nindā","vismaya","citta-vistṛti","atiśaya"],"quick_summary":"Disgust is revulsion toward objects; censure targets agents of misfortune. Wonder arises from perceiving extraordinary meaning/thing and expands the mind."}
Concept: Affective life can be mapped by its intentional object (thing/person/meaning) and by the mind’s expansion (vismaya) versus aversion (jugupsā).
Application: In composition, choose imagery: impure/repellent objects for bībhatsa; moral critique for nindā; marvels and hyper-significance for adbhuta.
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Kavya-śāstra: Bhāva/Rasa and poetic aesthetics)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Three small scenes: a person recoils from a foul object (jugupsā); a judge/elder censures a misfortune-bringer (nindā); a viewer gazes in widened wonder at an extraordinary phenomenon (vismaya).","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural triptych, stylized expressions: disgust with turned face and hand gesture, censure with raised finger and stern brow, wonder with widened eyes before a miraculous scene, traditional palette and ornaments","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting with gold accents: three framed vignettes—repellent object scene, moral censure in a court, and a marvel (celestial event) inspiring wonder, ornate borders","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, didactic clarity: labeled panels for jugupsā/nindā/vismaya, subtle facial abhinaya, clean background, manuscript-like captions","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed narrative panels: disgust at a decaying object, censure in a darbar, wonder at an extraordinary artifact or celestial sign, intricate textiles and architecture"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: vismayo 'tiśayena = vismayaḥ atiśayena; atiśayenārthadarśanāt = atiśayena artha-darśanāt; darśanāccittavistṛtiḥ = darśanāt citta-vistṛtiḥ.
Related Themes: Agni Purana 338 (bhāva definitions continuing across verses 338.13–17)
FAQs
Kāvya-śāstra knowledge: it defines specific bhāvas—jugupsā (disgust), nindā (censure), and vismaya (wonder)—and characterizes wonder as a cognitive expansion caused by encountering extraordinary meaning or phenomena.
It shows the Agni Purana functioning as a compendium beyond ritual and dharma—preserving technical terminology from Sanskrit literary theory (bhāva-lakṣaṇa), useful for poets, commentators, and students of aesthetics.
By classifying emotions ethically and cognitively (revulsion toward improper objects, censure of harmful agents, and wonder that elevates the mind), it supports refined discernment and sattvic mental cultivation—key for purifying perception and conduct.