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Agni Purana — Raja-dharma, Shloka 54

Mantra-śakti, Dūta-Carā (Envoys & Spies), Vyasana (Calamities), and the Sapta-Upāya of Nīti

प्रलिम्पन्निव चेतांसि दृष्ट्वासाधु पिबन्निव ग्रसन्निवामृतं साम प्रयुञ्जीत प्रियं वचः

pralimpanniva cetāṃsi dṛṣṭvāsādhu pibanniva grasannivāmṛtaṃ sāma prayuñjīta priyaṃ vacaḥ

دلوں کو گویا رَغبت و فریب سے لتھڑتا دیکھ کر، اور بدکار کو گویا نقصان دہ چیز پیتا دیکھ کر، امرت نگلنے کی طرح خوشگوار کلام کے ذریعے سام (دلجوئی) اختیار کرنی چاہیے۔

प्रलिम्पन्(as if) smearing / coating
प्रलिम्पन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√लिप् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपमानार्थ ‘इव’ सह
इवas if / like
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
चेतांसिminds / hearts
चेतांसि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (gerund/absolutive)
असाधुimproperly / wickedly
असाधु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअ-साधु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: improperly/evil)
पिबन्(as if) drinking
पिबन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√पा (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपमानार्थ ‘इव’ सह
इवas if
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय
ग्रसन्(as if) swallowing
ग्रसन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√ग्रस् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपमानार्थ ‘इव’ सह
इवas if
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय
अमृतम्nectar / ambrosia
अमृतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
सामconciliation / gentle persuasion
साम:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; नीतिशास्त्रे ‘साम’ = सामोपायः (conciliation)
प्रयुञ्जीतshould employ / should use
प्रयुञ्जीत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√युज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
प्रियम्pleasant / dear
प्रियम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘वचः’
वचःspeech / words
वचः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

Lord Agni (traditionally narrating the Agni Purana’s instructional sections to the sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"कठिन/विकृत मनःस्थिति वाले व्यक्ति के साथ भी ‘साम’—मधुर, प्रिय वचन—का प्रयोग कर शान्ति/वशता उत्पन्न करना।","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Description","entry_title":"साम-नीति में प्रियवचन: ‘अमृत-ग्रहण’ उपमा","lookup_keywords":["साम","प्रियं वचः","अमृत","दृष्ट्वासाधु","चेतांसि"],"quick_summary":"जब मन मलिन/लिप्त दिखे और दुष्ट व्यक्ति हानिकर ‘पान’ करता प्रतीत हो, तब भी साम-नीति के रूप में प्रिय वचन ऐसे प्रयोग करें जैसे अमृत का ग्रास—शमनकारी और हितकर।"}

Alamkara Type: Upama (इव-प्रयोग), Rupaka-सदृश भावचित्र

Concept: वाणी-साधना: प्रियवचन द्वारा चित्त-शुद्धि/शमन और सामाजिक समन्वय।

Application: संघर्ष-प्रबन्धन, कूटनीति, परामर्श—पहले ‘soft power’ (साम) का प्रयोग।

Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Kavya-shastra: Niti and sweet speech in literary/ethical instruction)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"एक मंत्री/गुरु क्रुद्ध/दुष्ट व्यक्ति के सामने शांत मुद्रा में मधुर वचन कह रहा है; ‘अमृत’ का प्रतीक (कलश/बूंद) वाणी के साथ दर्शाया गया है।","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, two figures in profile, one agitated with darkened aura, the other serene speaking gentle words, stylized amrita pot motif near speech, warm earthy palette","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, counselor with gold-highlighted halo-like arch, offering a scroll of sweet speech, amrita kalasha with gold work, subdued villain figure softened","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, refined linework, didactic scene of negotiation, speech ribbon with ‘प्रियं वचः’, amrita imagery as metaphor, calm interior setting","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, intimate court chamber, diplomat speaking softly to a sullen adversary, delicate depiction of a nectar cup as metaphor, detailed textiles"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्रलिम्पन्निव = प्रलिम्पन् इव; दृष्ट्वासाधु = दृष्ट्वा असाधु; ग्रसन्निवामृतम् = ग्रसन् इव अमृतम्।

Related Themes: Agni Purana 240 (साम-नीति के प्रसंग)

S
Sāma (conciliation as an upāya)

FAQs

It teaches the technical upāya of Sāma—conciliation through gentle, pleasing speech—as a practical method of persuasion and conflict-management.

Beyond theology, the Agni Purana includes applied disciplines like nīti (ethics) and statecraft; this verse preserves a core diplomatic tool (sāma) and its rhetorical application (priya-vacana).

Choosing pleasing, non-harmful speech helps restrain anger and hostility, supporting dharma through self-control and reducing negative karmic outcomes caused by harsh words.