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Varaha Purana 197.17 — Adhyaya 197, Shloka 17

The Division of the Gates of Yama’s City and the Description of the Tribunal Hall

शङ्खश्च लिखितश्चैव ह्यङ्गिरा भृगुरेव च ॥ पुलस्त्यः पुलहश्चैव ये चान्ये धर्मपाठकाः ॥

śaṅkhaś ca likhitaś caiva hy aṅgirā bhṛgur eva ca || pulastyaḥ pulahaś caiva ye cānye dharmapāṭhakāḥ ||

Naroon sina Śaṅkha at Likhita, gayundin sina Aṅgiras at Bhṛgu; sina Pulastya at Pulaha rin—at iba pang mga tagapagbigkas at guro ng dharma.

शङ्खःŚaṅkha
शङ्खः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
लिखितःLikhita
लिखितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootलिखित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ऋषिनाम (proper name)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
एवalso/indeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण-निपात
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/समर्थनार्थ (for/indeed)
अङ्गिराःAṅgirā
अङ्गिराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (ऋषिनाम; अङ्गिराः इति प्रथमा-एकवचन-रूपम्)
भृगुःBhṛgu
भृगुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभृगु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवalso/indeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण-निपात
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
पुलस्त्यःPulastya
पुलस्त्यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुलस्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पुलहःPulaha
पुलहः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुलह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
एवalso/indeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण-निपात
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
धर्म-पाठकाःreciters/teachers of dharma
धर्म-पाठकाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + पाठक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (धर्मस्य पाठकाः = readers/reciters of dharma)

Varāha (default framework; speaker not explicit in fragment)

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":false,"aspect_highlighted":"None","boar_form_detail":"None","earth_interaction":"None"}

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"None","bhu_devi_state":"None","key_question":"None"}

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false,"specific_site":"None","parikrama_context":"None","krishna_connection":"None"}

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":false,"topic":"None","instruction_summary":"The verse extends the dharma-authority register (Śaṅkha, Likhita, Aṅgiras, Bhṛgu, Pulastya, Pulaha), emphasizing dharma as a taught/recited tradition (dharma-pāṭhaka).","karmic_consequence":"None"}

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false,"vrata_name":"None","tithi_month":"None","promised_fruit":"None"}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false,"symbolic_interpretation":"None","yajna_varaha_imagery":"None","vedantic_connection":"None"}

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"hermeneutics of tradition","core_concept":"Dharma persists through pāṭha (recitation), śikṣā (instruction), and lineage memory; plurality of authorities is harmonized in council.","practical_application":"Treat dharma-learning as disciplined study (pāṭha) under teachers; preserve texts carefully; avoid selective quoting divorced from lineage context."}

Subject Matter: ["Ethics","Textual Transmission","Intellectual History"]

Primary Rasa: śānta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: court/assembly (sabhā)

Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 197.17 (preceding authority list); Varāha Purāṇa 197.19 (transition to Yama and deliberation on remedies)

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"More sages enter or are named within the same radiant council—Śaṅkha and Likhita shown with writing implements, others with ascetic emblems—highlighting ‘manuscript indexing’ and teaching roles.","item_prompts":["scribe-like sages with stylus and palm leaves (Śaṅkha/Likhita)","ṛṣis with kamaṇḍalu and deer-skin","stacked manuscript bundles tied with cords","a semicircle seating arrangement indicating deliberation"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: emphasize rhythmic grouping of sages; include palm-leaf bundles and stylus; subdued architecture, luminous skin tones.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: gold embossing for halos and manuscript edges; ornate borders; sages in jewel-toned robes with ascetic markers.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: delicate ornamentation, calm expressions; clear depiction of palm-leaf manuscripts and teaching gestures (vyākhyāna-mudrā).","pahari_prompt":"Pahari: intimate council scene; scribal details (palm leaves) rendered lightly; forest pavilion backdrop."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"didactic, archival, steady","suggested_raga":"Kalyāṇi (for clarity)","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"even, enumerative, slightly emphatic on names"}

P
Purāṇic Literature
D
Dharma Traditions
S
Sage Lineages
M
Manuscript Indexing

FAQs

By naming figures associated with normative traditions, the verse supports intertextual mapping between Purāṇas and Dharma-śāstric lineages.

No location is given; the content is prosopographical (person-based) rather than geographic.

Ethical norms are portrayed as preserved and articulated through learned transmitters (dharmapāṭhakāḥ).

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