जपश्चापि मनूनां च तथाऽग्निहवनानि च । दानानि नानाक्रतवो देवतोपासनानि च
japaścāpi manūnāṃ ca tathā'gnihavanāni ca | dānāni nānākratavo devatopāsanāni ca
Ang japa ng mga mantra, ang paghahandog sa banal na apoy, ang mga kaloob at kawanggawa, ang sari-saring yajña, at ang pagsamba sa mga diyos—lahat ng ito’y pinupuri bilang mga landas ng dharma.
Skanda (deduced; Kāśī-khaṇḍa commonly Skanda speaking to Agastya)
Listener: null
Scene: A ritual hall: a householder and priest performing homa with rising flames; beside them, a devotee counting a rosary for japa; another gives alms; in the background, a small shrine with a deity receiving upāsanā—showing multiple dharmic means together.
Classical ritual and devotional practices are honored, yet the chapter’s thrust is to show an even more direct liberating refuge in Avimukta.
No single site is named in this verse; it appears within the Kāśī/Avimukta-centered discourse of the chapter.
Japa, agnihavana (homa), dāna, various kratūs (sacrifices), and devatā-upāsanā (deity worship).