Rig Veda 7.20.8: Mandala 7, Sukta 20, Mantra 8

Sukta 7.20

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्त इन्द्र प्रियो जनो ददाशदसन्निरेके अद्रिवः सखा ते । वयं ते अस्यां सुमतौ चनिष्ठाः स्याम वरूथे अघ्नतो नृपीतौ ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.20.8

Transliteration

yás ta indra priyó jáno dadā́śad ásan nireké adrivaḥ sákhā te | vayáṃ te asyā́ṃ su-matáu caníṣṭhāḥ syā́ma várūthe ághnato nṛ́pītau ||

Translation

He who is dear to you, O Indra, who gives and becomes your friend in the solitary inward space—O wielder of the stone—may we be the most cherished in this your good-minded grace, within your shelter, unharmed, under your lordly guardianship.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: to/for you; of you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun (proper) / Vocative
• Root: इन्द्र-

• प्रियः: dear, beloved
• प्रियः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय-

• जनः: man; person; worshipper
• जनः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन-

• ददाशत्: has given; gives (as offering)
• ददाशत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb (finite) / Vedic injunctive/aoristic form
• Root: √दा (दाने) / (वेदिक) √दाश् (दाने)

• असन्: they were / may they be
• असन्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb (finite)
• Root: √अस् (भुवि)

• निरेके: apart; exclusively; in separation (from others)
• निरेके: Adhikaraṇa (भावे/प्रकारे)
• Type: Adverb/Adjectival form
• Root: नि- + रेक- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अभाव/वियोग/एकान्त’ अर्थे) अथवा ‘निरेक’ (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रयोग)

• अद्रिवः: O wielder of the stone/bolt (Indra)
• अद्रिवः: (सम्बोधन/विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: अद्रि- + वस् (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष; ‘अद्रि’=वज्र/शिला) → ‘अद्रिवस्’

• सखा: friend
• सखा: Kartā (सम्बन्धे) / विधेय
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि-

• ते: of you; your
• ते: (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: to/for you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्-

• अस्याम्: in this
• अस्याम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सुमतौ: in (your) good favor; in good thought/grace
• सुमतौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु- + मति-

• चनिष्ठाः: most devoted/most desirous (of it); very intent
• चनिष्ठाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (superlative-like Vedic formation)
• Root: √चन्/√चि (वेदिक ‘इच्छा/प्राप्ति’ भावे) + निष्ठा- (कृदन्त-आधार) → चनिष्ठ-

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb (finite)
• Root: √अस् (भुवि)

• वरूथे: in (your) protection; shelter
• वरूथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरूथ-

• अघ्नतः: of the non-slaying one; of him who does not strike (the innocent)
• अघ्नतः: (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: अ- + √हन् (हिंसायाम्) → अघ्नत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)

• नृपीतौ: in the protection of men; in (your) lordly guardianship
• नृपीतौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (abstract/locative)
• Root: नृ- + पीतु- / पीति- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘पालन/रक्षण/शासन’ अर्थे) → नृपीतु/नृपीति