Rig Veda 5.37.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 37, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.37

Devata: Agni and Soma (ritual powers), in service of Indra’s coming

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

समिद्धाग्निर्वनवत्स्तीर्णबर्हिर्युक्तग्रावा सुतसोमो जराते । ग्रावाणो यस्येषिरं वदन्त्ययदध्वर्युर्हविषाव सिन्धुम् ॥

Transliteration

samíddhāgnir vanavat stīrṇá-barhir yuktá-grāvā sutá-somo jarāte | grā́vāṇo yásyeṣiráṃ vádanty áyad adhvaryúr havíṣā́va síndhum ||

Translation

Kindled is the Fire, rich as a forest; the sacred grass is strewn; the pressing-stones are yoked; the expressed Soma is ready for the rite. The stones of his pressing speak the impelling word; the Adhvaryu, with the offering, has set the stream in motion.

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Word by Word

• समिद्धः: kindled, well-lit
• समिद्धः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सम्-इध् (धातु) → समिद्ध (कृदन्त)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वनवत्सः: like a calf in the wood / wood-calf (metaphor for lively fire)
• वनवत्सः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वनवत्स (प्रातिपदिक; वन + वत्स)

• तीर्णबर्हिः: having the sacrificial grass spread/laid out
• तीर्णबर्हिः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: तीर्ण (√तॄ ‘to cross/overpass’ → past part.) + बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• युक्तग्रावा: with the pressing-stones set to work / yoked
• युक्तग्रावा: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: युक्त (√युज् ‘to yoke’ → ppp) + ग्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुतसोमः: with Soma pressed
• सुतसोमः: Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: सुत (√सु ‘to press’ → ppp) + सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• जराते: is active / bestirs himself
• जराते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जॄ/जर् (Vedic: ‘to be awake/active; to move about; to be zealous’)

• ग्रावाणः: the pressing-stones
• ग्रावाणः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इषिरम्: swift, impetuous (sound/utterance)
• इषिरम्: Karma (वदन्ति का)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इषिर (प्रातिपदिक)

• वदन्ति: speak, utter
• वदन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वद्

• अयत्: went, proceeded
• अयत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (Vedic injunctive/aorist form)

• अध्वर्युः: the Adhvaryu priest
• अध्वर्युः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• हविषा: with the oblation
• हविषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अव: down, forth (as preverb)
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सिन्धुम्: the river/stream (Sindhu)
• सिन्धुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)