Rig Veda 4.4.3 — Mandala 4, Sukta 4, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.4
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.4)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रति स्पशो वि सृज तूर्णितमो भवा पायुर्विशो अस्या अदब्धः । यो नो दूरे अघशंसो यो अन्त्यग्ने माकिष्टे व्यथिरा दधर्षीत् ॥
Transliteration
práti spáśo ví sṛja tūrṇí-tamo bhávā pāyúr viśó asyā́ ádabdhaḥ | yó no dūrḗ aghá-śaṃso yó ánti agne mā́kiṣ te vyathír ā́ dadharṣīt ||
Translation
Send out the watchers against (the foe); become the swiftest, an unfailing protector of this people. Whether the ill-wisher is far or near, O Agni, let no distress that is thine assail us.
Word by Word
प्रतिtowards, against
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (upasarga/avyaya)
स्पशःspies, watchers
स्पशः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootस्पश् (प्रातिपदिक spáś- ‘spy, watcher’)
विapart, forth
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (upasarga/avyaya)
सृजrelease, send forth
सृज:
—
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
तूर्णितमःmost swift
तूर्णितमः:
Kartā (with भवा)
TypeAdjective
Rootतूर्णि (प्रातिपदिक) → तूर्णितम (superlative)
भवाbecome, be
भवा:
—
TypeVerb
Rootभू
पायुःprotector, guardian
पायुः:
Kartā (apposition to ‘you/Agni’)
TypeNoun
Rootपा (√पा ‘protect’) / प्रातिपदिक pāyú- ‘protector, guard’
विशःof the people/clan
विशः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation with पायुः)
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक víś- ‘clan, settlement, people’)
अस्याःof this (woman/this one)
अस्याः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अदब्धःunharmed, unbeguiled, unassailable
अदब्धः:
Kartā (apposition to Agni)
TypeAdjective
Rootदभ् (√दभ् ‘deceive, harm’) + a- (neg.) → अदब्ध
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (of implied verb ‘is/acts’ in relative clause)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
नःof us, our
नः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
दूरेfar away
दूरे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeAdverb (frozen case-form)
Rootदूर (prātipadika)
अघशंसःevil-speaking one, slanderer
अघशंसः:
Kartā (of implied hostile agent) / or apposition to ‘who’
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअघ (evil) + शंस (praise/report) → अघशंस (prātipadika)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
अन्तिnear
अन्ति:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्ति (indeclinable)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootअग्नि (prātipadika)
माdo not
मा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (prohibitive particle)
किष्टेanyone at all
किष्टे:
—
TypeIndeclinable (pronominal particle)
Rootकिम् (interrog./indef.) + चित् → किश्चित्; Vedic contraction: किष्टे
व्यथिराःtrembling ones, assailants (lit. ‘shaking’)
व्यथिराः:
Kartā (of दधर्षीत्)
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / participial adjective
Rootव्यथ् (√व्यथ् ‘waver, be disturbed’) → व्यथिर (adj.)
दधर्षीत्has dared/assailed, attacked
दधर्षीत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootधृष् (√धृष् ‘dare, assail, overpower’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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