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Rig Veda 3.30.10: Mandala 3, Sukta 30, Mantra 10

Sukta 3.30

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अलातृणो वल इन्द्र व्रजो गोः पुरा हन्तोर्भयमानो व्यार । सुगान्पथो अकृणोन्निरजे गाः प्रावन्वाणीः पुरुहूतं धमन्तीः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.30.10
Transliteration

alā́tṛṇo válá indra vrajó góḥ purā́ hántor bháyamāno vyā̀r | sugā́n pátho akṛṇon nirájā gā́ḥ prá̄van vā́ṇīḥ puruhūtáṃ dhámantīḥ ||

Translation

Indra, the Vala-cavern—encloser of the Rays—was shattered; before the slayer it broke apart in fear. Thou madest good paths and drove forth the Cows of light from the dark confinement; the inspired utterances, blowing like strong breaths, bore forward the much-invoked Power.

Word by Word
अलातृणः(O Indra,) the splitter/cleaver
अलातृणः:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी) — इन्द्रस्य
TypeAdjective
Rootअलातृण (प्रातिपदिक) < √तृ (तरणे/अतिक्रमे) + उपसर्ग आ- (वेदिक रूप) / अथवा अलातृण- (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक, ‘भेदक/विदारक’)
वलःthe enclosure/cave (Vala)
वलः:
कर्म (अकृणोः/अकृणोन् इत्यस्य) / विषयः
TypeNoun
Rootवल (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
व्रजःthe cattle-pen/enclosure
व्रजः:
कर्म/विषयः (अकृणोन्—‘made/opened the pen’)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
गोःof the cattle
गोः:
सम्बन्ध (व्रजस्य) — ‘of the cow/cattle’
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
पुराformerly, before
पुरा:
अधिकारण (काल) / क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा (अव्यय)
हन्तोःof the slayer
हन्तोः:
सम्बन्ध (भयमानस्य) — ‘of the slayer’
TypeNoun
Rootहन्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) < √हन् (हिंसागत्योः)
भयमानःfearing, being afraid
भयमानः:
कर्तृ (अन्तर्निहित) / विशेषण (इन्द्रस्य वा शत्रोः सन्दर्भे)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Root√भी (भये) → भयमान (शतृ-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)
व्यारapart, asunder, widely
व्यार:
क्रियाविशेषण (अकृणोन्/अलातृणः इत्यादि क्रियासम्बन्धे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि + √ऋ (गत्यर्थ) / √अर् (गत्यर्थ) — वेदिक रूप ‘व्यार्’ (अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण)
सुगान्easy (to go), good
सुगान्:
कर्म (अकृणोन्—‘made (them) easy’)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + ग (प्रातिपदिक) ‘ग’/‘गम्’ से ‘ग’ (गमन) → सुग (विशेषण)
पथःpaths
पथः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपथ (प्रातिपदिक)
अकृणोन्he made, he fashioned
अकृणोन्:
क्रिया (मुख्य) — कर्ता: इन्द्रः
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
निरजाunhindered, freely
निरजा:
क्रियाविशेषण (अकृणोन्)
TypeIndeclinable/Adjective (Vedic)
Rootनिर्- + अज (प्रातिपदिक) / अथवा ‘निरजा’ (अव्यय/विशेषण) ‘बिना अज/बिना बाधा’ (वेदिक प्रयोग)
गाःthe cows
गाः:
कर्म (प्रावन्—‘drove forth the cows’)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रावन्he drove forth, he set forward
प्रावन्:
क्रिया (मुख्य) — कर्ता: इन्द्रः
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √अव् (रक्षणे/गत्यर्थ)
वाणीःvoices, songs
वाणीः:
कर्तृ (धमन्तीः इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootवाणी (प्रातिपदिक)
पुरुहूतम्the much-invoked (Indra)
पुरुहूतम्:
कर्म (धमन्तीः—‘blowing/urging (Indra)’)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootपुरु-हूत (प्रातिपदिक) ‘बहुभिः आहूतः’
धमन्तीःblowing, urging on (praising)
धमन्तीः:
कर्तृ (वाणीः)
TypeParticiple (Verb-adjective)
Root√धम् (ध्माने/प्रेरणे) → धमन्ती (शतृ-प्रत्यय, वर्तमान कृदन्त)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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