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Rig Veda 10.45.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 45, Mantra 7

Sukta 10.45

Devata: Agni (inner Fire/Will; also as purifier and guide)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 10.45; verse-length and cadence fit triṣṭubh)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उशिक्पावको अरतिः सुमेधा मर्तेष्वग्निरमृतो नि धायि । इयर्ति धूममरुषं भरिभ्रदुच्छुक्रेण शोचिषा द्यामिनक्षन् ॥

Transliteration

uśík-pāvákó aratíḥ su-medhā́ márteṣv agnír amṛ́to ní dhāyi | iyárti dhūmám aruṣáṃ bharíbhrad út śukréṇa śocíṣā dyā́m inakṣan ||

Translation

The eager Flame, purifying and well-guiding, the luminous intelligence, is set within mortals as the Immortal Agni. He sends upward the ruddy smoke, bearing it aloft; and with his bright blaze he reaches and touches the heaven of consciousness.

Word by Word
उशिक्eager/ardent, glowing (Vedic epithet)
उशिक्:
विशेषण (कर्तृ-पद ‘अग्निः’ का)
TypeAdjective
Rootउशिक् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘उशिक्’ = उषस्-सम्बद्ध/दीप्त/उष्ण-भाव) अथवा उश्- (इच्छा/उष्णता) से व्युत्पन्न वैदिक विशेषण
पावकःthe Purifier (Agni)
पावकः:
कर्तृ (अग्नि का विशेषण/नाम)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपावक (प्रातिपदिक; √पू (पूञ्) ‘शुद्धौ’ से ‘पावक’ = शुद्धिकारक/पवित्र)
अरतिःswift movement / active course
अरतिः:
कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी विशेषण/उपपद (अग्नि के लिए ‘swift-moving’/‘active’)
TypeNoun
Rootअरति (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक ‘अरति’ = गति/प्रवृत्ति/चाल, ‘swift course’)
सुमेधाःof good wisdom, very wise
सुमेधाः:
विशेषण (अग्निः का)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-मेधा (प्रातिपदिक; सु- ‘good’ + मेधा ‘wisdom/skill’)
मर्तेषुamong mortals
मर्तेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (प्रातिपदिक; ‘mortal’)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
अमृतःimmortal
अमृतः:
विशेषण (अग्निः का)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-मृत (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + मृत ‘mortal’)
निdown, in; firmly
नि:
क्रिया-विशेषक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
धायिwas placed/was established
धायि:
क्रिया (अग्निः कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√धा (धाञ्) ‘स्थापने/धारणे’
इयर्तिhe raises/sets in motion
इयर्ति:
क्रिया (अग्निः कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√ईर्/√इर् (ईरणे/प्रेरणे) ‘to set in motion, raise’
धूमम्smoke
धूमम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootधूम (प्रातिपदिक)
अरुषम्ruddy, tawny
अरुषम्:
विशेषण (धूमम् का)
TypeAdjective
Rootअरुष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ruddy, tawny’)
भरिभ्रत्bearing/carrying (as he bears it)
भरिभ्रत्:
विशेषण (कर्तृ ‘अग्निः’ का)
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Root√भृ (भृञ्) ‘धारणे’ से कृत्-रूप; ‘भरि-’ (वैदिक अव्यय/उपपद ‘in bearing/while carrying’) + भ्रत् (भ्रत्/भ्रद् = भृ-धातु का वर्तमान कृदन्त/विशेषणात्मक रूप)
उत्up, forth
उत्:
क्रिया-विशेषक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
शुक्रेणwith the bright (one)
शुक्रेण:
करण
TypeAdjective (instrumental used substantively)
Rootशुक्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bright, shining’)
शोचिषाwith (his) flame/radiance
शोचिषा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशोचिस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘flame, blaze, radiance’)
द्याम्the sky
द्याम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sky, heaven’)
इनक्षन्reached/attained
इनक्षन्:
क्रिया (अग्निः कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√नक्ष् (नक्षँ) ‘to reach, attain’
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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