Rig Veda 10.39.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 39, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.39

Devata: Aśvins (Nāsatyā)

Chandas: Jagati (probable for many Aśvin hymns; exact metrical confirmation needed)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यो वां परिज्मा सुवृदश्विना रथो दोषामुषासो हव्यो हविष्मता । शश्वत्तमासस्तमु वामिदं वयं पितुर्न नाम सुहवं हवामहे ॥

Transliteration

yó vām pári-jmā su-vṛ́d aśvinā rátho doṣā́m uṣásaḥ hávyo havíṣmatā | śaśvát-tamāsas tám u vām idáṃ vayáṃ pitúr ná nā́ma su-hávaṃ havāmahe ||

Translation

That all-moving chariot of yours, O Aśvins, with good turning, to be invoked by the offerer at night and at dawn—towards that enduring movement we call you here, as one calls by the father’s name, with a sure and happy invocation.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he/that which)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाम्: of you two (to/for you two)
• वाम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• परिज्मा: the circuiting/roving one (i.e., the roaming chariot)
• परिज्मा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: परि-ज्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘परि’ + ज्मन् ‘going/going around’)

• सुवृत्: well-rolling, well-turned
• सुवृत्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-वृत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सु’ + वृत् ‘turning/rolling, well-turned’)

• अश्विना: O Aśvins (you two horsemen)
• अश्विना: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• दोषाम्: night
• दोषाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोषा (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषासः: dawns
• उषासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• हव्यः: to be invoked, worthy of oblation
• हव्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हव्य (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘to sacrifice/call’ से)

• हविष्मता: with oblation, by means of offering
• हविष्मता: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हविष्मत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शश्वत्तमासः: most constant/everlasting
• शश्वत्तमासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शश्वत्-तम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ever’ + तम-उत्तम)

• तमु: that indeed (him/that)
• तमु: Karma
• Type: Pronoun + particle
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + उ (एन्क्लिटिक निपात)

• वाम्: of you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• नाम: name
• नाम: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुहवम्: good-to-invoke, auspiciously invoked
• सुहवम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘well’ + √हू/√ह्वे ‘to call’)

• हवामहे: we invoke, we call upon
• हवामहे: (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हू/√ह्वे (ह्वा) ‘to call, invoke’