Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 96, Shloka 44

युद्धाय रावणस्य निर्याणं तथा उत्पातदर्शनम्

Ravana’s Mobilization for War and the ظهور of Fatal Portents

Transliteration

daśānanaḥ krodha-vivṛtta-netro yato yato ’bhyeti rathe ’vasanna-khaye |

tataḥ tataḥ tasya śara-pravegaṁ soḍhuṁ na śekuḥ hari-yūthapās te ||6.96.44||

Translation

Saan man sumulong si Daśānana sa kaniyang karwahe—ang mga mata’y lumaki at nagbaligtad sa poot—doon at doon, hindi nakatiis ang mga pinunong unggoy sa bugso ng kaniyang mga palaso.

Word by Word

• दशाननः: the ten-faced (Ravana)
• दशाननः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश-आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि समास (दश आननानि यस्य); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रोधविवृत्ततनूतरः: more contorted in body due to anger
• क्रोधविवृत्ततनूतरः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोध-विवृत्त-तनू-तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: क्रोधेन विवृत्ता तनूः यस्य; 'तर' प्रत्यय (comparative); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (daśānanaḥ)

• यतः: from where/wherever
• यतः: सम्बन्ध (Correlative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb: from/where)

• यतः: wherever
• यतः: सम्बन्ध (Correlative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)

• भयेत्: might frighten/terrify
• भयेत्: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भी (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• रथः: a chariot
• रथः: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इव: like
• इव: सम्बन्ध (Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)

• सङ्खये: in battle
• सङ्खये: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरण

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम (then)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तस्य: of him/of that
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• शरप्रवेगम्: the rush/force of arrows
• शरप्रवेगम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर-प्रवेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (शराणां प्रवेगः); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सोढुम्: to endure
• सोढुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose of inability)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सह् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्यय (infinitive), कर्तरि प्रयोग; धातु √सह् (to endure)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation)

• शेकुः: were able
• शेकुः: क्रिया (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शक् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• हरियूथपाः: leaders of the monkey-troops
• हरियूथपाः: कर्ता (Kartā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि-यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (हरीणां यूथपाः); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सते: being (present)
• सते: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (पाठभेद/अस्पष्ट-रूप) सम्भवतः 'सन्तः' (present/being)

Context

In the battlefield wherever Ravana drove in fury, rolling his eyes filled with anger, the monkey troops could not withstand the speed of his arrows.।। itayāraṣēvālamīkīyēśarīmadarāmāyaṇēādikāvayēyudadhakāṇaḍēṣaṇaṇanavatitamasasaragaḥ ।।This is the end of the ninety sixth sarga of Yuddha Kanda of the first epic the holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Daśānana (Rāvaṇa)
• ratha (chariot)
• śara (arrows)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unrestrained anger becomes a destructive power that overwhelms others; dharma teaches mastery over krodha so that strength serves justice rather than becoming tyranny.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa ranges across the battlefield in his chariot; the vānaras’ leaders struggle to withstand the intensity of his arrow-barrage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfastness under pressure is emphasized for the vānaras, while the verse simultaneously underscores the vice of rage in Rāvaṇa.