Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 24

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

दन्तावनिदशतस्तस्यश्रूयतेदशनस्वनः ।।।।यन्त्रस्यावेष्ट्यमाणस्य महतो दानवैरिव ।

Transliteration

dantāv ani-daśatas tasya śrūyate daśana-svanaḥ |

yantrasyāveṣṭyamāṇasya mahato dānavair iva ||

Translation

Habang nagngangalit ang kanyang mga ngipin, ang tunog ng kanyang pagkagat ay narinig—tulad ng maingay na tunog ng isang dambuhalang makina na pinapaikot ng mga Danava.

Word by Word

• दन्तान्: teeth
• दन्तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; object of vidaśataḥ: "teeth"

• विदशतः: of (him) biting
• विदशतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि+√दंश् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्यय (present participle): "of (him) biting"

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; "of him"

• श्रूयते: is heard
• श्रूयते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive): "is heard"

• दशनस्वनः: the sound of teeth
• दशनस्वनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशन+स्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: दशनानां स्वनः; "sound of teeth"

• यन्त्रस्य: of a machine
• यन्त्रस्य: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; "of a machine" (in simile)

• आवेष्ट्यमाणस्य: being wound/turned
• आवेष्ट्यमाणस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ+√वेष्ट् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; शानच्-प्रत्यय (present passive participle): "being wound/turned" (qualifies यन्त्रस्य)

• महतः: huge
• महतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; "of a great/huge" (qualifies यन्त्रस्य)

• दानवैः: by Dānavas
• दानवैः: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; instrumental in simile: "by Dānavas"

• इव: as if/like
• इव: Upamana-dyotaka (उपमान-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानसूचक

Context

When he was biting on his teeth (enraged), the sound from his teeth resembled the sound of a grinder revolved round by Danavas.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Dānavas
• Yantra (machine)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Anger mechanizes the mind—making one harsh and destructive; dharma requires breaking this cycle through restraint and discernment.

What is the narrative situation?

The text depicts physical signs of Rāvaṇa’s fury—his teeth grinding loudly.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The virtue implied is patience (kṣānti) and thoughtful deliberation instead of impulsive violence.