Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 13

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम् तथा अङ्गदप्रेरणा

Kumbhakarna’s sortie and Angada’s rallying of the Vanaras

Devanagari script

लोहितार्द्रास्तुबहवश्शेरतेवानरर्षभाः ।निरस्तांपतिताभूमौताम्रपुष्पाइवद्रुमाः ।।।।

Transliteration

lohitārdrās tu bahavaḥ śerate vānararṣabhāḥ | nirastāḥ patitā bhūmau tāmrapuṣpā iva drumāḥ ||

Translation

Marami sa mga vānara na parang toro ang nakahandusay, basang-basa sa dugo—itinapon at bumagsak sa lupa na wari’y mga punong may tansong-pulang bulaklak na napabuwal.

Word by Word

• lohitārdrāḥ: blood-wet, drenched in blood
• lohitārdrāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vānararṣabhāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lohita- + ārdra- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (masc) / Prathamā (Nom, 1) / Bahuvacana (pl); कर्मधारयः (descriptive): lohitāḥ ca ārdraḥ ca → lohitārdrāḥ

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (particle); adversative/emphatic

• bahavaḥ: many
• bahavaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vānararṣabhāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana; used adjectivally

• śerate: lie (down)
• śerate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śī (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present) / Prathama-puruṣa (3rd) / Bahuvacana; Ātmanepada

• vānararṣabhāḥ: bulls among the monkeys (chief vanaras)
• vānararṣabhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara- + ṛṣabha- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: vānarāṇām ṛṣabhāḥ

• nirastāḥ: thrown down, cast off
• nirastāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vānararṣabhāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir-√as (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle (past passive participle) from nir-√as; Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana

• patitāḥ: fallen
• patitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of vānararṣabhāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √pat (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle; Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana

• bhūmau: on the ground
• bhūmau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūmi- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (fem) / Saptamī (Loc, 7) / Ekavacana

• tāmrapuṣpāḥ: with copper-red flowers
• tāmrapuṣpāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of drumāḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tāmra- + puṣpa- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana; कर्मधारयः: tāmraṃ puṣpam yeṣām/te → tāmrapuṣpāḥ (here qualifying drumāḥ)

• iva: like/as
• iva: Upamāna-sūcaka (उपमान-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya (comparative particle)

• drumāḥ: trees
• drumāḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: druma- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga / Prathamā / Bahuvacana

Context

Many bulls among the Vanaras lay on the ground like trees with red flowers on top tossed and fallen on the ground.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara warriors

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The human (and heroic) cost of war is foregrounded, urging sober awareness that adharma-driven conflict yields widespread suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kumbhakarṇa’s assault, the battlefield is shown littered with wounded and fallen vānara champions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The vānara heroes’ bravery is implied by calling them ‘bulls among vānara-s,’ even in defeat.