Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 28

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

तमथैवंब्रुवाणंतुवचनंधीरदारुणम् ।।6.63.28।।रुष्टोऽयमितिविज्ञायशनैश्श्लक्षणमुवाच ह ।

Transliteration

tam athaivaṃ bruvāṇaṃ tu vacanaṃ dhīra-dāruṇam || 6.63.28 || ruṣṭo 'yam iti vijñāya śanaiḥ ślakṣaṇam uvāca ha |

Translation

Nang makita niyang nagsasalita ito sa gayong mabigat at mabagsik na pananalita, at nang maunawaang siya’y nagngangalit, si Kumbhakarṇa ay sumagot nang marahan, sa banayad na tinig.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरार्थक-अव्यय (then)

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (thus/in this manner)

• ब्रुवाणम्: speaking
• ब्रुवाणम्: Karma (कर्म: object qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ-प्रत्यय, present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; speaking

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (but/indeed)

• वचनम्: speech/words
• वचनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular

• धीरदारुणम्: grave and harsh
• धीरदारुणम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीरदारुण (प्रातिपदिक: धीर + दारुण)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with वचनम्; समासः द्वन्द्व (धीरं च दारुणं च)

• रुष्टः: angered
• रुष्टः: Karta (कर्ता: predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; √रुष् क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; angry

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; this (person)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: इत्यादि-निपात (quotative marker)

• विज्ञाय: having understood
• विज्ञाय: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल: prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि√ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, absolutive); having known

• शनैः: slowly
• शनैः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शनैः (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: slowly/softly)

• श्लक्षणम्: gentle
• श्लक्षणम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with (implied) वचनम्

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; said

• ह: indeed
• ह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: स्मरण/पादपूरण-निपात (emphatic/expletive particle)

Context

Thereafter knowing that Ravana is agitated and arguing in a grave and harsh manner, Kumbhakarna, spoke slowly in a gentle tone.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in counsel requires self-control: one should respond to anger with calm speech, aiming at truth and restoration rather than escalation.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa is agitated and speaking harshly; Kumbhakarṇa chooses a measured, gentle reply.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Composure (śama) and tact in speech—responding to conflict with restraint.