Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 94

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सराजमार्गंवपुषाप्रकाशयन् सहस्ररश्मिर्धरणीमिवांशुभिः ।जगामतत्राञ्जलिमालयावृतश्शतक्रतुर्गेहमिवस्वयम्भुवः ।।।।

Transliteration

sa rāja-mārgaṃ vapuṣā prakāśayan sahasra-raśmir dharaṇīm ivāṃśubhiḥ |

jagāma tatrāñjali-mālayāvṛtaḥ śatakratur geham iva svayambhuvaḥ ||

Translation

Pinapaliwanag niya ang maharlikang lansangan sa ningning ng kanyang katawan—gaya ng araw na may sanlibong sinag na nagpapaliwanag sa lupa sa mga liwanag nito. Nagpatuloy siya roon, napaliligiran ng mga rākṣasa na magkayakap-palad, na wari’y si Śatakratu (Indra) na patungo sa tahanan ng Swayambhū (Brahmā).

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun/सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• rājamārgam: the royal road
• rājamārgam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājamārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: rājñaḥ mārgaḥ (राज्ञः मार्गः); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• vapuṣā: with (his) body/splendor
• vapuṣā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vapus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• prakāśayan: illuminating
• prakāśayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prakāśaya (धातु; √kāś with pra, causative)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकाले कर्तरि शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sahasraraśmiḥ: the thousand-rayed one (sun-like)
• sahasraraśmiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra + raśmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi: sahasrāḥ raśmayaḥ yasya (सहस्राः रश्मयः यस्य); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharaṇīm: the earth
• dharaṇīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharaṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like/as
• iva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya (simile particle/उपमावाचक अव्यय)

• aṅśubhiḥ: with rays
• aṅśubhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅśu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)

• jagāma: went
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (locative adverb/देशवाचक अव्यय)

• añjalimālayā: by a garland of joined palms (gesture of reverence)
• añjalimālayā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: añjali + mālā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: añjalīnām mālā (अञ्जलीनां माला); Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• vṛtaḥ: surrounded/encircled
• vṛtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √vṛ (वृ धातु; past passive participle)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• śatakratuḥ: Śatakratu (Indra)
• śatakratuḥ: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatakratu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi epithet: śataṃ kratūn yasya (शतं क्रतून् यस्य); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• geham: to the house
• geham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: geha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like/as
• iva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya (simile particle/उपमावाचक अव्यय)

• svayambhuvaḥ: of Svayambhū (Brahmā)
• svayambhuvaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svayambhū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi: svayam bhavati iti (स्वयं भवति इति); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Kumbhakarna went like the thousand rayed Sun illuminating the earth by his splendour brightening the royal path, greeted by a circle of Rakshasas joining palms like Indra who has done a hundred sacrifices went to the abode of self-born Brahma.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Indra (Śatakratu)
• Brahmā (Svayambhū)
• Rākṣasas
• Royal road

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse cautions that outward splendor and honor can surround even an unrighteous champion; Dharma judges by conduct and cause, not by radiance or acclaim.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa proceeds along the royal road, receiving salutations, portrayed through grand cosmic comparisons.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Majesty and charisma are emphasized—social reverence that does not necessarily indicate moral worth.