Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 92

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

पीत्वाघटसहस्रेद्वेगमनायोपचक्रमे ।ईषत्समुत्कटोमत्तस्तेजोबलसमन्वितः ।।।।

Transliteration

pītvā ghaṭa-sahasre dve gamanāyopacakrame |

īṣat samutkaṭo mattaḥ tejo-bala-samanvitaḥ ||

Translation

Nang mainom ang dalawang libong banga, siya’y naghanda nang umalis—bahagyang nag-alab at nalasing, subalit puspos ng ningning, sigla, at lakas.

Word by Word

• pītvā: having drunk
• pītvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive): 'having drunk'

• ghaṭa-sahasre: (of) thousand-pots (thousands of pots)
• ghaṭa-sahasre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / measure-expression
• Type: Noun
• Root: ghaṭa + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, द्विवचन/बहुवचन-प्रयोगे (locative; here with numeral 'dve'): 'in two thousands of pots' i.e., 'two thousand pots'; समास: तत्पुरुष 'घटानां सहस्रे'

• dve: two
• dve: Saṅkhyā-viśeṣaṇa (संख्याविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन; numeral 'two' (quantifies sahasre)

• gamanāya: for departure
• gamanāya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gamana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (dative), एकवचन; 'for going/departure'

• upacakrame: set about, began
• upacakrame: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√kram (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• īṣat: slightly
• īṣat: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: īṣat (अव्यय)
• Form: परिमाणाव्यय (adverb): 'slightly'

• samutkaṭaḥ: somewhat excited
• samutkaṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-utkaṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'highly excited/raised'

• mattaḥ: intoxicated
• mattaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: matta (√mad धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त/विशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'intoxicated'

• tejo-bala-samanvitaḥ: endowed with vigor and strength
• tejo-bala-samanvitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tejas + bala + samanvita (sam-anu-√i धातु/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष 'तेजसा बलेन च समन्वितः' (endowed with energy and strength)

Context

(Kumbhakarna) Having drunk two thousand pots of wine, slightly excited and inebriated and replenished with strength and energy was ready to depart.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The narrative underscores the danger of unrestrained appetite; Dharma values self-control (dama) especially when power is about to be exercised.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa consumes an enormous quantity of wine and then prepares to go out to battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Physical might is emphasized; restraint is notably absent, serving as an implicit ethical contrast to dharmic conduct.