Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 43

लङ्काप्राकारारोहणम् / Assault on Lanka’s Ramparts and the Opening Clash

Devanagari script

राजाजयतिसुग्रीवइतिशब्दोमहानभूत् ।राजन्जयजयेत्युक्त्वास्वस्वनामकथान्ततः ।।।।

Transliteration

rājā jayati sugrīva iti śabdo mahān abhūt |

rājan jaya jayet yuktvā svasvanāma kathāntataḥ ||

Translation

Isang malakas na sigaw ang umalingawngaw: “Nagwagi ang Haring Sugrīva!” At sumisigaw ng “Tagumpay, O Hari, tagumpay!” binibigkas nila ang kani-kanilang pangalan sa gitna ng kaguluhan ng digmaan.

Word by Word

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/nominative), Ekavacana

• jayati: is victorious
• jayati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ji (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (present), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to rājā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/nominative), Ekavacana

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; quotative particle (इति-निपात)

• śabdaḥ: a cry; sound
• śabdaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/nominative), Ekavacana

• mahān: great
• mahān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/nominative), Ekavacana; agrees with ‘śabdaḥ’

• abhūt: arose; became
• abhūt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ lakāra (imperfect), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

• rājan: O king
• rājan: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana (vocative), Ekavacana

• jaya: victory!
• jaya: Sambodhana/udgāra (cry)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: jaya (प्रातिपदिक used as interjection)
• Form: Avyaya-like usage; victory-cry (जय-उद्गार)

• jaya: victory!
• jaya: Sambodhana/udgāra (cry)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: jaya (प्रातिपदिक used as interjection)
• Form: Repetition for emphasis; victory-cry

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle

• uktvā: having said
• uktvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: uktvā (कृदन्त; absolutive from √vac ‘to say’)
• Form: Ktvānta (absolutive/gerund), avyaya; ‘having said’

• sva-sva-nāma-kathā: the calling of their respective names
• sva-sva-nāma-kathā: Karta (कर्ता; subject with ‘abhūt’ understood)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva + sva + nāma + kathā (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Prathamā (1st/nominative), Ekavacana; multi-member tatpuruṣa: ‘svam svam nāma kathā’ = utterance of each one’s own name

• antataḥ: thereupon; at last
• antataḥ: Kāla/krama-dyotaka (sequence marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: antataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (अन्ततः) meaning ‘finally/thereupon’

Context

"May the vanara king,triumphant Sugriva be victorious", thus sounded the cry of vanaras in the battlefield.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vānara warriors (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects loyalty to rightful leadership and truthful affirmation of one’s commander; dharma in war includes cohesion, obedience, and honoring legitimate authority.

What is the narrative situation?

The Vānara side raises victory-cries for their king Sugrīva as fighting intensifies.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bhakti/niṣṭhā toward one’s leader—steadfast allegiance and morale in a dharmic campaign.