Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 11

सुवेलारोहणं रावण-सुग्रीव-नियुद्धम्

Ascent of Suvela and the Ravana–Sugriva Duel

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त्वासहसोत्पत्यपुप्लुवेतस्यचोपरि ।आकृष्यमुकुटंचित्रंपातयित्वाऽपतद्भुवि ।।।।

Transliteration

ity uktvā sahasotpatya pupluve tasya copari |

ākṛṣya mukuṭaṃ citraṃ pātayitvā 'patad bhuvi ||

Translation

Pagkasabi nito, bigla siyang lumundag at tumalon sa ibabaw niya; hinablot ang maringal na koronang may ganda, at inihagis pababa kaya ito’y bumagsak sa lupa.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध (Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial to main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) → उक्त्वा (क्त्वान्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (prior action)

• सहसा: suddenly
• सहसा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थ/काल-अव्यय (adverb: suddenly/quickly)

• उत्पत्य: having leapt up
• उत्पत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत् + पत् (धातु) → उत्पत्य (क्त्वान्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-लोपयुक्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; उपसर्ग: उत्

• पुप्लुवे: leapt/sprang
• पुप्लुवे: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्लु (धातु) + लिट्
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद

• तस्य: of him / his
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• उपरि: upon/above
• उपरि: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उपरि (अव्यय)
• Form: देश-अव्यय (locative adverb: above/on)

• आकृष्य: having pulled off
• आकृष्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + कृष् (धातु) → आकृष्य (क्त्वान्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; उपसर्ग: आ

• मुकुटम्: crown/diadem
• मुकुटम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुकुट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• चित्रम्: splendid/wondrous
• चित्रम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् मुकुटम् प्रति

• पातयित्वा: having made (it) fall
• पातयित्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत्/पातय् (णिच् causative of पत्) (धातु) → पातयित्वा (क्त्वान्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative) = 'causing to fall'

• अपतत्: fell
• अपतत्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत् (धातु) + लङ्
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू/भुव् (प्रातिपदिक: भुवि as locative of भूमि/भू)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

Having spoken thus, Sugriva got up speedily and flew to the top of the tower (here Ravana was located) held the diadem and pushed it on the ground.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāvaṇa (implied opponent)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A symbolic dharmic theme is the curbing of adharma’s pride: the crown represents dominion and arrogance, and its casting down signifies the fall of unjust power.

What is the narrative situation?

Immediately after challenging him, Sugrīva physically engages the enemy and tears away the diadem, throwing it to the ground.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s boldness and initiative in battle, used in service of Rāma’s righteous cause.