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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 3

कौसल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and Ethical Analogies on Kingship

कथं नरवरश्रेष्ठ पुत्रौ तौ सह सीतया।दुःखितौ सुखसंवृद्धौ वने दुःखं सहिष्यतः।।2.61.3।।

kathaṃ naravaraśreṣṭha putrau tau saha sītayā | duḥkhitau sukhasaṃvṛddhau vane duḥkhaṃ sahiṣyataḥ || 2.61.3 ||

O pinakamainam sa mga hari, paano matitiis ng dalawang anak mong iyon, kasama si Sītā—na pinalaki sa ginhawa at ngayo’y nababalot ng dalamhati—ang pagdurusa sa gubat?

kathamhow
katham:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
nara-vara-śreṣṭhaO best of kings
nara-vara-śreṣṭha:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक) + vara (प्रातिपदिक) + śreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन (vocative), पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (best among men/kings)
putrautwo sons
putrau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
tauthose two
tau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; putrau-विशेषण
sahawith
saha:
Sahakari (सहकारी)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formसह-अव्यय (with)
sītayāwith Sita
sītayā:
Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
TypeNoun
Rootsītā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
duḥkhitauafflicted
duḥkhitau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक/PPP)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; putrau-विशेषण
sukha-saṃvṛddhauraised in comfort
sukha-saṃvṛddhau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃvṛddha (कृदन्त, √vṛdh/वृध्; PPP)
Formतत्पुरुष (brought up in comfort), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; putrau-विशेषण
vanein the forest
vane:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
duḥkhamsuffering
duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
sahiṣyataḥwill endure
sahiṣyataḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√sah (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन

O Dasaratha, the best among kings, how will your two sons and Sita brought up in great comfort now tolerate the hardships of forest life?

D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa (implied by 'two sons')
S
Sītā
F
Forest (vana)

FAQs

Dharma is tested not only by vows and obedience but by compassion and proportionality: Kausalyā implies that a king’s decisions should not impose needless suffering on the innocent and the righteous.

Kausalyā pictures the physical and emotional hardships awaiting Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa, and Sītā in exile, questioning Daśaratha’s ability to bear moral responsibility for that suffering.

The endurance and duty-bound resolve expected of Rāma’s party is implied, while Kausalyā’s maternal compassion is explicit.