Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 9

कौशल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and the Vision of Rama’s Return

Devanagari script

अपीदानीं स कालस्स्यान्मम शोकक्षय श्शिवः।सभार्यं यत्सह भ्रात्रा पश्येयमिह राघवम्।।।।

Transliteration

apīdānīṃ sa kālaḥ syān mama śokakṣayaś śivaḥ | sabhāryaṃ yat saha bhrātrā paśyeyam iha rāghavam ||

Translation

Darating pa kaya ang mapalad na panahong magwawakas sa aking dalamhati—na dito ko muling masisilayan si Rāghava, kasama ang kanyang asawa at ang kanyang kapatid?

Word by Word

• api: perhaps
• api: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), wish/possibility nuance with optative

• idānīm: now
• idānīm: Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: idānīm (अव्यय)
• Form: Temporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• saḥ: that
• saḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• kālaḥ: time
• kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (of syāt)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• syāt: may be / might come
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive, Singular

• śoka-kṣayaḥ: ending of sorrow
• śoka-kṣayaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ (predicative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: 'śokasya kṣayaḥ'

• śivaḥ: auspicious
• śivaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of kālaḥ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective to kālaḥ

• sa-bhāryam: with (his) wife
• sa-bhāryam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of rāghavam
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश) + bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; अव्ययीभाव: 'bhāryayā saha'

• yat: which/when
• yat: Karma (कर्म) (object of paśyeyam in sense 'when/that time which')
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun, Neuter, Accusative, Singular; correlates with implied 'tam kālam'

• saha: with
• saha: Sahakāraka-dyotaka (सहकारक-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable 'with'

• bhrātrā: with (his) brother
• bhrātrā: Sahakaraṇa/Saha (सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• paśyeyam: may I see
• paśyeyam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Deictic adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• rāghavam: Rama (descendant of Raghu)
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Context

Will there ever be that auspicious moment to end my sorrow? When I can see Rama here along with his wife and brother?

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Sītā
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Ayodhyā (implied by iha 'here')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse reflects steadfast love and fidelity to family bonds—dharma as sustaining duty and hope amid suffering, without abandoning righteousness.

What is the narrative situation?

Kausalyā, overwhelmed by separation, longs for the return of Rāma together with Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance (kṣamā) and hope—continuing to seek auspicious resolution even in grief.