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Shloka 104

Prayaga-mahatmya

Glory of Prayaga and the Magha Bath at Triveni

मकरस्थे रवौ माघे न स्नात्यनुदिते रवौ । कथं पापैः प्रमुच्येत कथं वा त्रिदिवं व्रजेत् ॥ १०४ ॥

makarasthe ravau māghe na snātyanudite ravau | kathaṃ pāpaiḥ pramucyeta kathaṃ vā tridivaṃ vrajet || 104 ||

Kapag ang Araw ay nasa Makara (Capricorn) sa buwan ng Māgha—kung hindi maligo bago sumikat ang araw—paano siya makakalaya sa mga kasalanan, at paano niya maaabot ang langit?

मकरस्थेwhen (the sun is) in Capricorn
मकरस्थे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमकर-स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मकरस्य स्थः)
रवौin the Sun (i.e., when the Sun is...)
रवौ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन
माघेin (the month of) Māgha
माघे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमाघ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
स्नातिbathes
स्नाति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
अनुदितेwhen (the sun is) not risen
अनुदिते:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुदित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
रवौin the Sun (i.e., when the Sun is...)
रवौ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
पापैःby/with sins (from sins)
पापैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन
प्रमुच्येतwould be freed
प्रमुच्येत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मुच् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive/alternative particle)
त्रिदिवम्heaven
त्रिदिवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (त्रयाणां दिवानां/त्रिदिव = स्वर्ग)
व्रजेत्would go
व्रजेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada, within the Māgha-snāna/Tīrtha-mahātmya discourse)

Vrata: Māgha-snāna (seasonal observance)

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

S
Surya

FAQs

It teaches that Māgha-snāna performed before sunrise—especially when the Sun is in Makara—is a prime purifier (pāpa-kṣaya) and a means to attain higher worlds, emphasizing disciplined timing as spiritually efficacious.

By highlighting a vowed, time-bound act (vrata) done with reverence, it frames devotion as steady practice—purification through sacred routine that supports remembrance and worship of the divine during Māgha observances.

Jyotiṣa (Vedic astrology/astronomy) is implied: the efficacy is linked to the Sun’s transit in Makara and the ritual timing of bathing before sunrise (anudita), showing how calendrical science guides vrata performance.