Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 77, Shloka 17

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

ततस्तां प्राह चार्वङ्गी पिता नातिचिरोषिताम् ।

स्तुत्वा च तनयां प्रेमबहुमानपुरः सरम् ॥

Transliteration

tatas tāṃ prāha cārvaṅgī pitā nāticirōṣitām / stutvā ca tanayāṃ premabahumānapuraḥsaram

Translation

Pagkaraan, nagsalita ang kanyang ama sa may magagandang sangkap, na hindi nagtagal; at habang pinupuri ang kanyang anak na babae, na may pag-ibig at dangal sa unahan, (kinausap niya ito).

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla (काल/Sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम/अपादानार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: then/from that)

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• प्राह: said
• प्राह: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + अह्/ब्रू (धातु; ‘to say’)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• चार्वङ्गी: fair-limbed (one)
• चार्वङ्गी: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चार्वङ्गी (प्रातिपदिक; चारु + अङ्गी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying तनयाम् understood / or addressing her as ‘fair-limbed’)

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• अतिचिर: very long (time)
• अतिचिर: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying उषिताम्)

• उषिताम्: who had stayed (dwelt)
• उषिताम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; ‘her who had stayed’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वस्/उष् (धातु; ‘to dwell’)
• Form: कृदन्त-क्त (PPP/‘having stayed’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मपद (object complement to ताम्)

• स्तुत्वा: having praised
• स्तुत्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable); पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (prior action)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• तनयाम्: (his) daughter
• तनयाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• प्रेमबहुमानपुरःसरम्: preceded by affection and respect
• प्रेमबहुमानपुरःसरम्: Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रेमबहुमानपुरःसर (प्रातिपदिक; प्रेम + बहुमान + पुरःसर)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative), विशेषणम् (qualifying the manner of speech/praise)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating; Tvaṣṭṛ is about to speak

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman
• Saṃjñā

Key Themes

• Parental guidance
• Affection with duty
• Gṛhastha norms (contextual)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

True counsel is framed by goodwill—praise and affection soften instruction, aligning personal love with dharmic responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative (ācāra-kathā) rather than cosmological/genealogical enumeration.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘father’ figure can be read as buddhi (discriminative intelligence) guiding the embodied śakti back toward rightful order (dharma).