Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 77, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

इत्युक्ता सा तदा देवी जगाम भवनं पितुः ।

ददर्श तत्र त्वष्टारं तपसा धूतकल्मषम् ॥

Transliteration

ityuktā sā tadā devī jagāma bhavanaṃ pituḥ / dadarśa tatra tvaṣṭāraṃ tapasā dhūtakalmaṣam

Translation

Nang masabihan nang gayon, ang diyosa (Saṃjñā) ay nagtungo sa bahay ng kanyang ama. Doon niya nakita si Tvaṣṭṛ, na ang mga karumihan ay nahugasan ng austeridad at tapas.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Avyaya (अव्यय/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• उक्ता: having been spoken to / addressed
• उक्ता: Karta (कर्ता; logical subject of passive/PPP)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom./1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• देवी: the goddess
• देवी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to सा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• जगाम: went
• जगाम: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• भवनम्: to the house
• भवनम्: Karma (कर्म/Goal as object of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• पितुः: of (her) father
• पितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Deśa (देश/Place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• त्वष्टारम्: Tvaṣṭṛ
• त्वष्टारम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• धूतकल्मषम्: whose sin was cleansed
• धूतकल्मषम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धूतकल्मष (प्रातिपदिक; धूत + कल्मष)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (PPP of धू ‘to shake off/cleanse’), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying त्वष्टारम्)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya as narrator (within the Devi Mahatmyam storytelling)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Saṃjñā/Devī (as lady)
• Tvaṣṭṛ (Viśvakarman)

Key Themes

• Tapas
• Purification
• Family refuge
• Mythic genealogy

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Tapas is presented as a purifier even for exalted beings; spiritual discipline is the means by which inner ‘stains’ are removed.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under vaṃśānucarita-style mythic biography (narrated lives of divine lineages), though not a formal genealogy list here.

What is the esoteric significance?

Tvaṣṭṛ/Viśvakarman symbolizes the ‘fashioner’ principle—through tapas, the maker refashions the self into purity.