Shloka 8

Adhyaya 59 — Cosmic Geography and Yuga-Order: Bhadrashva, Ketumala, and the Northern Kuru Region

Sanskrit

नद्योऽथ बह्व्यो विस्तीर्णाः शीततोयौघवाहिकाः ।

अत्र वर्षे नराः शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः ॥

Transliteration

nadyo ’tha bahvyo vistīrṇāḥ śītatoyaughavāhikāḥ / atra varṣe narāḥ śaṅkhaśuddhahemasamaprabhāḥ

Translation

At maraming malalapad na ilog ang umaagos, na nagdadala ng mga batis ng malamig na tubig. Sa varṣa na ito, ang mga tao’y nagniningning na parang kabibe, parang dalisay na ginto, at iba pang tulad nito.

Word by Word

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन

• अथ: and; then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• बह्व्यः: many
• बह्व्यः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying नद्यः)

• विस्तीर्णाः: broad; expanded
• विस्तीर्णाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + स्तॄ (धातु) → विस्तीर्ण (कृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन; विशेषण (नद्यः)

• शीततोयौघवाहिकाः: carrying torrents of cold water
• शीततोयौघवाहिकाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत + तोय + ओघ + वाहिका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (शीत-तोय-ओघं वहन्ति इति = ‘carrying streams of cold water’); विशेषण (नद्यः)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• वर्षे: in the region/land (varṣa)
• वर्षे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/Locative); एकवचन

• नराः: men; people
• नराः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन

• शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः: having radiance like conch-white pure gold
• शङ्खशुद्धहेमसमप्रभाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शङ्ख + शुद्ध + हेम + सम + प्रभा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative); बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (शङ्ख-शुद्ध-हेम-समा प्रभा यस्य = ‘having lustre like conch-pure gold’); विशेषण (नराः)

Speakers

• Narrator to interlocutor

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred geography
• Idealized human qualities

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The environment is depicted as pure and life-sustaining, and the people reflect that purity—echoing the Purāṇic intuition that inner and outer purity reinforce one another.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmography; descriptive elaboration of the created world (supporting 'Sarga/Pratisarga').

What is the esoteric significance?

Cool, abundant waters symbolize the flow of sattva and calm prāṇa; conch and gold imagery signify luminosity (ojas/tejas) arising from purity.