Shloka 23

Adhyaya 5 — Tvashta’s Wrath, the Birth of Vritra, and the Divine Descent as the Pandavas

Sanskrit

उत्पन्नौ यमजौ माद्रयां शक्ररूपौ महाद्युतिः ।

पञ्चधा भगवानीत्थमवतीर्णः शतक्रतुः ॥

Transliteration

utpannau yamajau mādrayāṃ śakrarūpau mahādyutī | pañcadhā bhagavān ittham avatīrṇaḥ śatakratuḥ ||

Translation

Dalawang maningning na kambal ang isinilang mula kay Mādrī, taglay ang anyong kahawig ni Śakra (Indra). Sa gayon, ang pinagpalang Śatakratu (Indra) ay bumaba sa limang anyo ng pagpapakita.

Word by Word

• utpannau: were born/arose
• utpannau: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut√pad (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)

• yama-jau: the two sons of Yama (twins)
• yama-jau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (yamasya jā)

• mādryām: in/through Mādrī
• mādryām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mādrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• śakra-rūpau: having Śakra’s form
• śakra-rūpau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakra (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śakrasya rūpam iva)

• mahā-dyutī: of great radiance
• mahā-dyutī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + dyuti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual); कर्मधारयः (mahā dyutiḥ)

• pañcadhā: in fivefold manner
• pañcadhā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pañcadhā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner: ‘in five ways’)

• bhagavān: the Blessed Lord
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• ittham: thus
• ittham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ittham (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this manner)

• avatīrṇaḥ: descended
• avatīrṇaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava√tṝ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• śata-kratuḥ: Śatakratu (Indra)
• śata-kratuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक) + kratu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः (yasya śataṃ kratavaḥ saḥ) इन्द्र-पर्यायः

Speakers

• Narrative voice of the Purāṇa (genealogical narration; not within Devī Māhātmya frame)

Primary Deities

• Indra (Śakra/Śatakratu)

Key Themes

• Genealogy
• Divine incarnation/manifestation
• Manvantara-linked chronology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse underscores a Purāṇic idea: cosmic offices (like Indra-hood) and divine functions can be expressed through multiple manifestations, emphasizing that divine agency works through lineage and time to uphold order (dharma) rather than remaining confined to a single, static embodiment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Manvantara and Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita: it belongs to the genealogical-historical stream that situates events and births within the unfolding of dynasties across manvantara time-cycles.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Pañcadhā’ (fivefold) hints at the divisible, function-oriented nature of divine power: one sovereignty (Indra/Śakra) can distribute itself into multiple loci to accomplish distinct cosmic tasks, suggesting that splendor (dyuti) and authority are not merely personal traits but transmissible, role-based energies.