Shloka 5

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

संसारेऽस्मिन् मनुष्याणां भ्रमतामतिसङ्कटे ।

भवद्विधैः समं सङ्गो जायते नातपस्विनाम् ॥

Transliteration

saṃsāre 'smin manuṣyāṇāṃ bhramatām atisaṅkaṭe | bhavadvidhaiḥ samaṃ saṅgo jāyate nātapasvinām ||

Translation

Sa mapanganib na saṃsāra na ito, kung saan naliligaw ang mga tao, ang pakikisama sa mga asceta at mga pantas na tulad ninyo ay hindi madaling makamtan ng mga hindi nagsasagawa ng tapasya.

Word by Word

• संसारे: in the world/cycle of existence
• संसारे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; locative singular

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally

• मनुष्याणाम्: of humans
• मनुष्याणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; genitive plural

• भ्रमताम्: of those who wander/err
• भ्रमताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रम् (धातु) → भ्रमन् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle) used substantively; genitive plural

• अति-सङ्कटे: in the extremely perilous (state)
• अति-सङ्कटे: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + सङ्कट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; adjective to 'संसारे' (locative)

• भवत्-विधैः: with people like you
• भवत्-विधैः: सहकारक (Sahakāraka/Instrumental of association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; 'भवत्सदृश' = like you; instrumental plural

• समम्: together, in company
• समम्: सम्बन्ध (Association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; उपपद/क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial) meaning 'together/with'

• सङ्गः: association, companionship
• सङ्गः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; nominative singular

• जायते: arises, happens
• जायते: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• अतपस्विनाम्: of those without austerity
• अतपस्विनाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ- (नञ्) + तपस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; genitive plural; 'non-ascetics'

Speakers

• Inquirer (Jaimini in the common frame) addressing revered Brahmins/sages

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Satsaṅga
• Tapas
• Spiritual qualification

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse stresses adhikāra (fitness): higher knowledge and transforming company (satsaṅga) typically comes to those who cultivate tapas, discipline, and sincerity; otherwise one continues to ‘wander’ in saṃsāra’s hazards.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Indirect prologue to purāṇic instruction; it prepares for pañcalakṣaṇa themes by establishing the student’s humility and the rarity of access to authoritative narrators before sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita are requested.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Wandering’ points to the mind’s saṅkalpa-vikalpa; tapas symbolizes inner heat that ripens receptivity, making the ‘meeting with sages’ an inner convergence of purified intellect with śāstra.