Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 43, Shloka 38

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

योगिनां सततं यत्नादरिष्टान्यवनीपते ।

संवत्सरान्ते तज्ज्ञेयं फलदानि दिवानिशम् ॥

Transliteration

yogināṃ satataṃ yatnād ariṣṭāny avanīpate / saṃvatsarānte taj jñeyaṃ phaladāni divāniśam

Translation

O panginoon ng lupa, ang mga yogin, sa walang patid na pagsisikap, ay nagmamasid sa mga palatandaan ng masamang pangitain (ariṣṭa). Sa pagtatapos ng taon, dapat maunawaan na ang mga ito’y nagbibigay ng bunga—sa araw at sa gabi.

Word by Word

• योगिनाम्: of yogis
• योगिनाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; ‘of yogis’

• सततम्: always, continually
• सततम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सतत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)

• यत्नात्: by effort, with exertion
• यत्नात्: हेतु/अपादान (Cause/Ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; ‘from/through effort’

• अरिष्टानि: misfortunes, ominous signs
• अरिष्टानि: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन; ‘omens/misfortunes’

• अवनीपते: O king (lord of the earth)
• अवनीपते: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवनीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: अवनी (earth) + पति (lord)

• संवत्सरान्ते: at the end of the year
• संवत्सरान्ते: अधिकरण (Location/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सरान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: संवत्सरस्य अन्तः

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• ज्ञेयम्: should be known
• ज्ञेयम्: विधेय (Predicative/Obligation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (भाव्य/gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be known/should be known’

• फलदानि: fruit-giving, result-producing
• फलदानि: विशेषण (Qualifier of अरिष्टानि)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: फलद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः: फल + द (giving)

• दिवा: by day
• दिवा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दिव्/दिवा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक/Adverb of time)

• निशम्: by night
• निशम्: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निशा/निशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक/Adverb of time)

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Karma and fruition of time
• Omens (Ariṣṭa)
• Dispassion/Fearlessness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Time (kāla) ripens causes into effects; a disciplined yogin observes signs without panic and uses that knowledge to intensify practice rather than sink into fear.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/Upadeśa material rather than sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita; it is didactic yoga instruction embedded in narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Ariṣṭa’ can be read inwardly as subtle indicators in prāṇa and citta; recognizing their ‘phala’ trains the yogin to witness causal maturation without identification.